Gamma exposure from building materials – A dose model with expanded gamma lines from naturally occurring radionuclides applicable in non-standard rooms

Croymans, Tom; Leonardi, Federica; Trevisi, Rosabianca; Nuccetelli, Cristina; Schreurs, Sonja; Schroeyers, Wouter

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.051

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For instance, the article 75 of the Euratom basic safety standards (EU-BSS) (Council directive 2013/59/Euratom) stipulated that, 'the reference level applying to indoor external exposure to gamma radiation emitted by building materials, in addition to outdoor external exposure, shall be 1 MilliSievert (mSv) per year' (European Council 2014). EU-BSS is expected to be transposed to national law by EU Member States before February 2018, aiming to establish a basic standard adoptable by the EU members to protect the public against the exposure of ionizing radiation (Croymans et al 2018;Schroeyers et al 2018). Studies have widely addressed the issue associated with the emission of natural radioactivity from building materials (Bavarnegin et al 2013;Chen, Rahman, and Atiya 2010;Lu, Yang, and Ren 2012;Mavi and Akkurt 2010;Ravisankar et al 2012;Saad, Al-Awami, and Hussein 2014).…”

Section: Sbs Contributors Symptoms and Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sick building syndrome: are we doing enough?

AlWaer

Omrany

Ghaffarianhoseini

et al. 2018

Architectural Science Review

178

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Health and well-being are vitally important aspects of people centric building design and are the roots of productivity. Sick building syndrome (SBS) is a collection of factors that can negatively affect physical health in several ways. Besides physical health is also related to psychological well-being because the human body is one interactive biological system. This paper focuses on reviewing the current state of knowledge on building sickness syndrome which has been prevalent as a building illness since the 1970s especially in offices and schools. While the concepts of intelligent, smart and sustainable buildings have gained considerable attention during recent decades, there is now increasing attention being given to designing healthy buildings. This study provides a review about SBS symptoms. Several negative effects of SBS are identified and potential solutions are advocated. Finally, the study stresses the role of built environment and concludes that ongoing research towards tackling SBS and developing healthy indoor environments should not be limited to a single formula as any health-related building design approach is dependent on several interacting factors. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Sbs Contributors Symptoms and Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sick building syndrome: are we doing enough?

AlWaer

Omrany

Ghaffarianhoseini

et al. 2018

Architectural Science Review

178

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In case those constituents are separately assessed, an appropriate partitioning factor needs to be applied. If the 𝐴𝐶𝐼 exceeds the value of 1, an elaborated dose calculation needs to be executed to evaluate whether their use in building applications is justified [44,45].…”

Section: Calculation Of Indexes For Screening Of Gamma Dose Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Radiological and leaching assessment of an ettringite-based mortar from ladle slag and phosphogypsum

Gijbels

Nguyen

Kinnunen

et al. 2020

Cement and Concrete Research

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“…To more accurately predict the dose contribution as a result of recycled building materials in a given building, the thickness and the density also have to be taken into consideration (Nuccetelli et al, 2015). .A recently published dose model (Croymans et al, 2017a) with expanded gamma lines from NORs is applicable in non-standard rooms.…”

Section: Activity Concentration Index (I-index)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiological characterisation of alkali-activated construction materials containing red mud, fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag

Sas¹,

Sha

Soutsos

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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This study characterises the Naturally Occurring Radionuclides (NORs) content of a suite of secondary raw materials or industrial residues that are normally disposed of in landfills or lagoons but now are increasingly used in green concretes. This includes ashes from a variety of industrial processes and red mud from aluminium production, as well as air pollution control residue and cement kiln dust. The chemical composition of the samples was determined with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 activity concentrations were obtained by gamma spectrometry, and the results were compared with recently published NOR databases. The correlation between the NOR content and the main chemical 2 composition was investigated. The radioactive equilibrium in the U-238 chain was studied based on the determination of progeny isotopes. The most commonly used calculation methods (activity concentration index and radium equivalent concentration) were applied to classify the samples. The radon exhalation rate of the samples was measured, and the radon emanation coefficient was calculated. Significant correlation was found between the NORs and certain chemical components. The massic exhalation demonstrated a broad range, and it was found that the emanation coefficients were significantly lower in the case of the residues generated as a result of high-temperature combustion processes. The results showed that a weak correlation between the Ra-226 concentration and the radon exhalation. This emphasizes that managing the Ra-226 content of recycled material by itself is not sufficient to control the radon exhalation of recycled materials used in building products. The investigated parameters and their correlation behaviour could be used to source apportion materials found during the process of landfill mining and recovery of material for recycling.

show abstract

Gamma exposure from building materials – A dose model with expanded gamma lines from naturally occurring radionuclides applicable in non-standard rooms

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Sick building syndrome: are we doing enough?

Sick building syndrome: are we doing enough?

Radiological and leaching assessment of an ettringite-based mortar from ladle slag and phosphogypsum

Radiological characterisation of alkali-activated construction materials containing red mud, fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag

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