Gamma Glutamyl Transferase

Whitfield, John B.

doi:10.1080/20014091084227

Cited by 982 publications

(791 citation statements)

References 292 publications

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“…The primary function of GGT is to supply intracellular support for the precursors of GSH, which is an important antioxidant. 1 Several studies demonstrated that an increase in serum GGT activity can be used as a marker for increased oxidative stress in humans. 2,10 It has been shown that GGT activity is directly related to the oxidative events, and plays an important role in the evolution of atheromatous plaque.…”

Section: Ggt Activity and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GGT prepares precursor amino acid to intracellular glutathione (GSH) and catalyzes the first step in the degradation of extracellular GSH. 1 GSH is the most important nonprotein antioxidant of the cell. It has been reported that degradation of GSH may play a prooxidant role in selected conditions; low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation through GSH/GGT-dependent iron reduction has been suggested as an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Importance of Gamma‐Glutamyltransferase Activity in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Demircan

Yazıcı

Durna

et al. 2009

Clinical Cardiology

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Background: In this study, we sought to investigate the relation of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels with the significance of coronary artery disease (CAD), clinical presentation, left ventricular (LV) function, and inflammatory activity. Methods: A total of 235 patients (mean age: 60.1 ± 10.5 years, 166 [70%] males) who had coronary angiography were included in the study. Patients who had CAD constituted the study group (Group 1, n = 189) and patients who had insignificant coronary disease or normal coronary activity constituted the control group (Group 2, n = 46). Results: GGT levels were higher in Group 1 than Group 2 (38.7 ± 30.9 U/L versus 27.5 ± 17.5 U/L, p = 0.025). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower in Group 1 than Group 2 (52.6%±11.7% versus 58.8%±11.3%, p<0.002). GGT activity (40.2 ± 32.5 U/L versus 29.1 ± 18.3 U/L, p<0.002) and c-reactive protein (CRP) levels (33.9 ± 43.6 mg/dl versus 17.8 ± 29.8 mg/dl, p<0.002) were higher, LVEF (52.6%±12.1% versus 56.5%±11.0%, p = 0.021) was lower in patients with acute coronary syndrome compared with stable CAD group. In regression analysis, CRP levels (p<0.0001, odds ratio [OR] = 3.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10

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Section: Ggt Activity and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Gamma‐Glutamyltransferase Activity in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Demircan

Yazıcı

Durna

et al. 2009

Clinical Cardiology

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“…1,2 In clinical practice, GGT is commonly used as a diagnostic test to assess liver dysfunction, and as a biological marker of excessive alcohol intake. 1,3,4 However, several recent epidemiologic studies have shown elevated GGT to independently influence morbidity and mortality from causes other than liver disease. Particularly, GGT was independently related to cardiovascular disease, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] it correlated with most cardiovascular risk factors [13][14][15][16] and, more recently, an association with chronic kidney disease was found.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prospective study of the association of gamma‐glutamyltransferase with cancer incidence in women

Strasak

Pfeiffer

Klenk

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Although several epidemiologic studies have shown that gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT) is associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, its relationship with cancer incidence remains widely unexplored. In experimental models the ability of cellular GGT to modulate crucial redox-sensitive functions has been established, and it may thus play a role in tumor progression. In the present study, we investigated the association of GGT with overall and site-specific cancer incidence in a population-based cohort of 92,843 Austrian women with 349,674 serial GGT measurements, prospectively followed-up for a median of 13.5 years. The relationship between GGT and cancer incidence was analyzed using adjusted Cox regression models with age as underlying time metric with age as underlying time metric including GGT concentrations at baseline and incorporating repeated GGT measurements as a time-dependent variable. During follow-up, 4,884 incidence cancers were observed. Compared to normal low GGT (<17.99 U/L), cancer risk was elevated for all other GGT categories (p for trend < 0.0001), with adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.06 (0.99-1.13) for GGT levels between 18.00 and 35.99 U/L (normal high), 1.12 (1.02-1.22) for GGT levels between 36.00 and 71.99 U/L (elevated) and 1.43 (1.28-1.61) for highly elevated GGT (>72.00 U/L). Very similar results were seen when GGT was analyzed as a time-dependent variable. In cancer-site specific models, elevated GGT statistically significantly increased the risk for malignant neoplasms of digestive organs, the respiratory system/intrathoracic organs, breast and female genital organs and lymphoid and haematopoietic cancers (all, p < 0.006). Our study is the first to demonstrate in a large population-based cohort that high GGT levels significantly increased cancer risk in women.Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. This article is a US Government work, and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.Key words: gamma-glutamyltransferase; cancer incidence; risk factor; epidemiology; women Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), present on the external surface of most cells and in serum, is the enzyme responsible for the extracellular catabolism of glutathione (GSH), the main thiol antioxidant in mammalian cells. 1,2 In clinical practice, GGT is commonly used as a diagnostic test to assess liver dysfunction, and as a biological marker of excessive alcohol intake. 1,3,4 However, several recent epidemiologic studies have shown elevated GGT to independently influence morbidity and mortality from causes other than liver disease. Particularly, GGT was independently related to cardiovascular disease, 5-12 it correlated with most cardiovascular risk factors [13][14][15][16] and, more recently, an association with chronic kidney disease was found. 17 In addition, several large-scale studies indicate an independent role of GGT for premature death from all causes. 9,18,19 The association of GGT with cancer incidence, however, remains largely unexplored. Several ex...

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“…A similar pattern of associations was observed in datasets from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study [2], the Finland Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (FinMONICA) study [3], the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) [4], and in German women, but not men [5], leading us to search for new interpretations of serum GGT. Cellular GGT, found on the plasma membrane in most tissues [6], metabolises extracellular glutathione (GSH), the main intracellular antioxidant, allowing precursor amino acids to be reutilised for intracellular GSH re-synthesis [7]a process known as the 'γ-glutamyl cycle' (Fig. 1, left of the dotted line) [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Can persistent organic pollutants explain the association between serum γ-glutamyltransferase and type 2 diabetes?

2007

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The results of several epidemiological studies of serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) led us to hypothesise that associations of GGT within its normal range with type 2 diabetes may reflect detrimental effects of xenobiotics found in the environment, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Epidemiological observations showed that serum GGT activity within its normal range strongly predicted future type 2 diabetes; the predictability of diabetes from obesity was low with GGT at the low end of the normal range; and GGT showed a positive association with known markers of oxidative stress or inflammation. Experimental findings on cellular GGT suggest that serum GGT levels within the normal range may reflect oxidative stress related to the re-synthesis of intracellular glutathione; however, this interpretation is not completely satisfying because, in its role of regenerating intracellular glutathione, GGT activity should be antioxidative.

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Gamma Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract: 1. Jousilahti P, Rastenyte D, Tuomilehto J. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase, self-reported alcohol drinking, and the risk of stroke.

Cited by 982 publications

References 292 publications

The Importance of Gamma‐Glutamyltransferase Activity in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

The Importance of Gamma‐Glutamyltransferase Activity in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Prospective study of the association of gamma‐glutamyltransferase with cancer incidence in women

Can persistent organic pollutants explain the association between serum γ-glutamyltransferase and type 2 diabetes?

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