Gamma‐initiated iodination of methane in the gas phase

Vilenchich, R.; Hodgins, J. W.

doi:10.1002/cjce.5450480518

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…They found out that these elements increased the selectivity of the catalyst but at the penalty of reduced activity. 1.5%Fe/0.5%Mn/4% SO 4 2− /ZrO 2 catalyst was not active at 200 • C, but it provided 90% selectivity and 40% conversion at 235 • C. Vilenchich et al [99] applied a gamma source for the initiation of the reaction between methane and iodine in the gas phase between 80 and 230 • C using a batch reactor. According to their research, the temperature had a smaller effect on the process compared to the introduction of energy by gamma radiation.…”

Section: Unconventional Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amongst the literature studied in the scope of this work, an exception can be given to the application of superacids. All other processes need additional energy to operate [96,97,[99][100][101] as opposed to the thermochemical way where at least on larger scales the reaction heat could be recovered for useful purposes (e.g., steam and electricity generation). It is also questionable if the claimed improved selectivity towards mono-halogenated methane and benign reaction conditions outweigh the disadvantages of increased energy consumption, system complexity, and reactor size.…”

Section: Unconventional Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Methane Activation Reactions by Halogenation: Catalysis, Mechanism, Kinetics, Modeling, and Reactors

et al. 2020

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Methane is the central component of natural gas, which is globally one of the most abundant feedstocks. Due to its strong C–H bond, methane activation is difficult, and its conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels has therefore been the pot of gold in the industry and academia for many years. Industrially, halogenation of methane is one of the most promising methane conversion routes, which is why this paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature on methane activation by halogenation. Homogeneous gas phase reactions and their pertinent reaction mechanisms and kinetics are presented as well as microkinetic models for methane reaction with chlorine, bromine, and iodine. The catalysts for non-oxidative and oxidative catalytic halogenation were reviewed for their activity and selectivity as well as their catalytic action. The highly reactive products of methane halogenation reactions are often converted to other chemicals in the same process, and these multi-step processes were reviewed in a separate section. Recent advances in the available computational power have made the use of the ab initio calculations (such as density functional theory) routine, allowing for in silico calculations of energy profiles, which include all stable intermediates and the transition states linking them. The available literature on this subject is presented. Lastly, green processes and the production of fuels as well as some unconventional methods for methane activation using ultrasound, plasma, superacids, and light are also reviewed.

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Section: Unconventional Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Unconventional Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Methane Activation Reactions by Halogenation: Catalysis, Mechanism, Kinetics, Modeling, and Reactors

et al. 2020

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“…The economics of an oil refinery are drastically improved because of the co-production of organic commodity chemicals with significant markets. Although we are only aware of very few examples of commodity organic chemicals produced commercially using radiation, most of them involve the use of radicals like bromine and iodine [39][40][41]. Other organic chemicals, however, are certainly also possible [42][43][44].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation enhanced chemical production: Improving the value proposition of nuclear power

Schmeda‐Lopez

McConnaughy

McFarland

2018

Energy

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Nuclear power is one of the means for large-scale CO 2-free heat and electricity generation. Commercial designs, developed decades ago, have not adopted technological innovations and struggle to be cost-competitive with state-of-the-art fossil-fuel power systems. Though fuel is relatively inexpensive, nuclear power plants are expensive to build and produce only low-value electricity. One strategy to improve the process economics is to use unique characteristics of nuclear reactors to provide additional sources of revenue by co-producing higher value products. A conceptual process is analysed, which combines a molten salt nuclear power reactor and a chemical process using the reactor's gamma radiation to facilitate the production of propylene. This facility is able to co-produce electricity and high volume commodity chemicals using, otherwise wasted radiation. The conceptual process model suggests that integration of units producing an energy product with one that produces more valuable chemicals leads to significant economic benefits for the overall facility. Despite the improvements, the system studied is unable to deliver an acceptable return on investment for small power plants independent of the size of the chemical plant integrated. Conversely, large plants are capable of delivering acceptable return on investment, in some cases generating returns comparable to other modern investment options.

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An analytical method applicable to the determination of individual concentrations of components, resulting from gamma induced iodination of methane

Vilenchich

Venter

1970

Can J Chem Eng

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A method combining the least squares approach with the Monte Carlo technique applicable to a set of m simultaneous linear equations in n unknowns has been developed to determine the n unknowns when the coefficients of the m equations are subject to a known distribution. The method is superior to the standard method when no Monte Carlo strategy is used, since the distribution of the n unknowns about a mean value is now also calculable, and a better comparison with experimental data is possible. The method has been applied to the determination of the individual concentrations of components resulting from the gamma induced iodination of methane. The concentrations calculated by this method are compared to the actual measured concentrations used during experimentation.

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Gamma‐initiated iodination of methane in the gas phase

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

A Review of Methane Activation Reactions by Halogenation: Catalysis, Mechanism, Kinetics, Modeling, and Reactors

A Review of Methane Activation Reactions by Halogenation: Catalysis, Mechanism, Kinetics, Modeling, and Reactors

Radiation enhanced chemical production: Improving the value proposition of nuclear power

An analytical method applicable to the determination of individual concentrations of components, resulting from gamma induced iodination of methane

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