Gamma Interferon Secretion by Human Vγ2Vδ2 T Cells after Stimulation with Antibody against the T-Cell Receptor plus the Toll-Like Receptor 2 Agonist Pam₃Cys

Abstract

Circulating V␥2V␦2 T-cell populations in healthy human beings are poised for rapid responses to bacterial or viral pathogens. We asked whether V␥2V␦2 T cells use the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family to recognize pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules and to regulate cell functions. Analysis of expanded V␥2V␦2 T-cell lines showed the abundant presence of TLR2 mRNA, implying that these receptors are important for cell differentiation or function. However, multiple efforts to detect TLR2 protein on the cell surface or in cytoplasmic compartments gave inconsistent results. Functional assays confirmed that human V␥2V␦2 T cells could respond to the TLR2 agonist (S)-(2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2RS)-propyl)-N-palmitoyl-(R)-Cys-(S)-Ser(S)-

Select Plant Tannins Induce IL-2Rα Up-Regulation and Augment Cell Division in γδ T Cells

“…They are found in virtually all portals of entry into the body where they act as sentinels of the extracellular environment by responding rapidly to tissue damage (1,2) and pathogens through recognition of conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns and specific Ags (3)(4)(5). Human ␥␦ T cells can be categorized into two major, functionally distinct populations, V␦1 and V␦2 T cells, which are characterized by their respective TCR ␦ chain usage.…”

Individual Vγ2-Jγ1.2+ T cells respond to both isopentenyl pyrophosphate and Daudi cell stimulation: generating tumor effectors with low molecular weight phosphoantigens

“…Cell lines expanded after stimulation with phosphoantigens or tumors are enriched for the Vγ2-Jγ1.2 rearrangement [18] and are potently cytotoxic for some tumors [10,38]. Stimulation also induces expression of Type 1 cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and Lymphotactin among others) [8,14,29,40] and can lead to surface expression of CD107a, a marker for cytotoxic effector cells [14]. Experimental data argues against T cell receptor binding to phosphoantigens, aminobisphosphonates or alkylamines and we do not understand why some (but not all) tumor cell lines are stimulatory or why Vγ2Vδ2 T cell lines are potently cytotoxic for tumor cells.…”

F1-Adenosine Triphosphatase Displays Properties Characteristic of an Antigen Presentation Molecule for Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells

“…Mature Vg9Vd2 cells sampled from blood or expanded in vitro also recognize diverse tumor cell types against which they frequently exert cytotoxicity. This cytolytic activity is regulated by activatory and inhibitory receptors for classical and nonclassical MHC class I (MHC-I) Ags (NKG2D and NKRs) (3,4) and molecular pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs, although activation through their TCR is essential (5,6). The Vg9Vd2 TCR is thought to function as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptor dedicated to the recognition of small pyrophosphorylated alkyls.…”