Gamma Radiation Shielding Properties of Steel and Iron Slags

Singh, Ravinder J.; Singh, Sukhpal; Singh, Gagandeep; Thind, Kulwant Singh

doi:10.4236/njgc.2017.71001

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Lead possesses specific characteristics, e.g. its HVL increases with increase in energy [34]. To assess the shielding ability of a material, HVL is inversely related to the shielding effectiveness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Gamma-ray Shielding of Two Different Heavy Metals and their Combination for Cs-137 and Co-60 Sources

Eisa

Ali

Abuualreish

2023

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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This article presents data collected by measurements of lead (Pb) and iron (Fe) and their combination as heavy shielding materials. Measurements were performed using gamma photon energies of 662, 1173, and 1332keV for the Cs-137 and Co-60 sources. The theoretical data part was calculated using WinXCom, Phy-X, and Py-MLUBF software packages. Tables and graphs of the photon Mass Attenuation Coefficient (MAC), Linear Attenuation Coefficient (LAC), Half Value Layer (HVL), Tenth Value Layer (TVL) and Mean Free Path (MFP) are presented for both heavy metals and their combination to study the shielding properties experimentally and theoretically. The results will contribute to the ongoing research as a database for future use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Gamma-ray Shielding of Two Different Heavy Metals and their Combination for Cs-137 and Co-60 Sources

Eisa

Ali

Abuualreish

2023

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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“…The half-value layer (HVL) is the thickness of a material that reduces the radiation level by a factor of 2, which can be described by Equation (7). HVL is very important in radiation-related investigations because it predicts the thickness required to achieve any radiation shielding.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, investigating the radioactive behaviour and shielding properties of these materials against X-rays and gamma rays is important. Previous studies have examined the behaviour of the attenuation properties of different types of stainless materials at varying photon energies [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Low gamma-ray energies have been widely used in practical radiography and medical diagnoses, where the interaction of gamma rays depends on the photon energy and the composition of materials, that is, the atomic numbers of elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Gamma Radiation Properties of Four Types of Surgical Stainless Steel in the Energy Range of 17.50–25.29 keV

Marashdeh

Al-Hamarneh

2021

Materials

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In this study, the gamma radiation properties of four types of surgical-grade stainless steel (304, 304L, 316 and 316L) were investigated. The effective atomic number Zeff, effective electron density Neff and half-value layer (HVL) of four types of surgical-grade stainless steel were determined via the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ). The μ/ρ coefficients were determined experimentally using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique and theoretically via the WinXCOM program. The Kα1 of XRF photons in the energy range between 17.50 and 25.29 keV was used from pure metal plates of molybdenum (Mo), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag) and tin (Sn). A comparison between the experimental and theoretical values of μ/ρ revealed that the experimental values were lower than the theoretical calculations. The relative differences between the theoretical and experimental values were found to decrease with increasing photon energy. The lowest percentage difference between the experimental and theoretical values of μ/ρ was between −6.17% and −9.76% and was obtained at a photon energy of 25.29 keV. Sample 316L showed the highest value of μ/ρ at the energies 21.20, 22.19 and 25.29 keV. In addition, the measured results of Zeff and Neff for all samples behaved similarly in the given energy range and were found to be in good agreement with the calculations. The equivalent atomic number (Zeff) of the investigated stainless-steel samples was calculated using the interpolation method to compare the samples at the same source energy. The 316L stainless steel had higher values of μ/ρ, Zeff and Zeq and lower values of HVL compared with the other samples. Therefore, it is concluded that the 316L sample is more effective in absorbing gamma radiation.

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“…Kaur et al conducted a literature survey on different metallic alloys classified based on the base metal involved (Ni, Pb, W, Cu, and Fe) as shielding materials for gamma rays. For Fe-based alloys, the results indicated that the steel alloy (Type 304) offers gamma-ray shielding properties better than those of the other Fe-based alloys under the survey [11][12][13][14][15]. Alloys made of iron, chrome, and nickel (Fe/Cr/Ni) in different proportions were investigated as shielding materials for gamma rays by Akman et al The results indicated that Fe/Cr16Ni72 alloy has the best shielding performance against gamma rays, while Fe/Cr17/Ni7 alloy shows the worst performance among the investigated ternary alloys [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of neutron shielding performance for some alloys

Reda¹,

El²

2021

Phys. Scr.

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Alloys, in general, and stainless steel, in particular, are among the basic materials for shielding against nuclear radiation. Some selected alloys among a lot of shielding materials in numerous literature were investigated as shielding materials against neutrons in a wide neutron energy range of 10−5 eV to 20 MeV. The neutron mass attenuation coefficient (NMAC) for the materials under investigation was calculated using the Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code, version 5 (MCNP5). The results indicate that the alloys under investigation have a good shielding performance against neutrons along the studied neutron energy range especially 5% B4C (S8) alloy. The 5% B4C sample shows a high shielding performance for neutrons of energy < 1.6 x 10-3 MeV as compared to the other investigated alloys. While the stainless steel 316 (S3) shows the best shielding performance for neutrons of energies > 0.2 MeV. The study also shows that the alloy must contain a percentage of a light element that has a high ability to absorb slow neutrons such as boron. This study is useful in selecting the appropriate shielding material for specific neutron energies. MCNP5 calculations were confirmed by comparing its results for iron with the corresponding evaluated data ENDF/B-V extracted from International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) database.

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Gamma Radiation Shielding Properties of Steel and Iron Slags

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Study of Gamma-ray Shielding of Two Different Heavy Metals and their Combination for Cs-137 and Co-60 Sources

Study of Gamma-ray Shielding of Two Different Heavy Metals and their Combination for Cs-137 and Co-60 Sources

Evaluation of Gamma Radiation Properties of Four Types of Surgical Stainless Steel in the Energy Range of 17.50–25.29 keV

Evaluation of neutron shielding performance for some alloys

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