Gamma-Ray Bursts Are Observed Off-Axis

Ryan, Geoffrey; Eerten, Hendrik van; MacFadyen, Andrew; Zhang, Bin-Bin

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/799/1/3

Cited by 124 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…−0.38 found by Ryan et al (2015), though the uncertainty is large. Nonetheless, there is no evidence of any curvature in the X-ray temporal decay that might signal an approach to values that could be considered post jet-break (α x 2).…”

Section: Jet Breaksmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Magnetars in Ultra-Long Gamma-Ray Bursts and GRB 111209A

Gompertz

Fruchter

2017

ApJ

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Supernova 2011kl, associated with the ultra-long gamma-ray burst (ULGRB) 111209A, exhibited a higher-than-normal peak luminosity, placing it in the parameter space between regular supernovae and super-luminous supernovae. Its light curve can only be matched by an abnormally high fraction of 56 Ni that appears inconsistent with the observed spectrum, and as a result it has been suggested that the supernova, and by extension the gamma-ray burst, are powered by the spin-down of a highly magnetised millisecond pulsar, known as a magnetar. We investigate the broadband observations of ULGRB 111209A, and find two independent measures that suggest a high density circumburst environment. However, the light curve of the GRB afterglow shows no evidence of a jet break (the steep decline that would be expected as the jet slows due to the resistance of the external medium) out to three weeks after trigger, implying a wide jet. Combined with the high isotropic energy of the burst, this implies that only a magnetar with a spin period of ∼ 1 ms or faster can provide enough energy to power both ULGRB 111209A and Supernova 2011kl.

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Section: Jet Breaksmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…They find a jet opening angle of 0.34 +0.11 −0.13 radians, corresponding to a beaming factor of 17.5 +28.0 −7.5 . The Ryan et al (2015) beaming factor is more than 30 times smaller than that required by the Metzger et al (2015) model.…”

Section: The Magnetar Energy Budgetmentioning

confidence: 84%

Magnetars in Ultra-Long Gamma-Ray Bursts and GRB 111209A

Gompertz

Fruchter

2017

ApJ

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“…There are several works that explore other possibilities, such as magneto-hydrodynamic simulations (van Eerten, van der Horst & MacFadyen 2012), which was satisfactorily used, e.g. in Guidorzi et al (2014);Ryan et al (2015); Zhang et al (2015), or central engine activities (Zhang et al 2014). These and other effects might be considered together in future works to get a more accurate view of the GRB afterglow physics.…”

Section: O N C L U S I O N Smentioning

confidence: 99%

GRB 110715A: the peculiar multiwavelength evolution of the first afterglow detected by ALMA

Sánchez-Ramírez

Hancock

Jóhannesson

et al. 2016

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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We present the extensive follow-up campaign on the afterglow of GRB 110715A at 17 different wavelengths, from X-ray to radio bands, starting 81 s after the burst and extending up to 74 d later. We performed for the first time a GRB afterglow observation with the ALMA observatory. We find that the afterglow of GRB 110715A is very bright at optical and radio wavelengths. We use the optical and near-infrared spectroscopy to provide further information about the progenitor's environment and its host galaxy. The spectrum shows weak absorption features at a redshift z = 0.8225, which reveal a host-galaxy environment with low ionization, column density, and dynamical activity. Late deep imaging shows a very faint galaxy, consistent with the spectroscopic results. The broad-band afterglow emission is modelled with synchrotron radiation using a numerical algorithm and we determine the best-fitting parameters using Bayesian inference in order to constrain the physical parameters of the jet and the medium in which the relativistic shock propagates. We fitted our data with a variety of models, including different density profiles and energy injections. Although the general behaviour can be roughly described by these models, none of them are able to fully explain all data points simultaneously. GRB 110715A shows the complexity of reproducing extensive multiwavelength broad-band afterglow observations, and the need of good sampling in wavelength and time and more complex models to accurately constrain the physics of GRB afterglows.

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“…Moreover, they argued that while other types of relation, for example, lag - [144] or the redshift dependence of the shallow decay in X-ray afterglows by Stratta et al [145], might have connections with the jet geometry, they are also likely to stem from observational biases or sample selection effects. Also, Ryan et al [146] investigated the jet-opening angle properties using a sample of 226 Swift/XRT GRBs with known redshift. They found that most of the observed afterglows were observed off-axis; hence the expected behaviour of the afterglow light curves can be significantly affected by the viewing angle.…”

Section: Physicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma-Ray Burst Prompt Correlations

Dainotti

Vecchio

Tarnopolski

2018

Advances in Astronomy

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The mechanism responsible for the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is still a debated issue. The prompt phase-related GRB correlations can allow discriminating among the most plausible theoretical models explaining this emission. We present an overview of the observational two-parameter correlations, their physical interpretations, and their use as redshift estimators and possibly as cosmological tools. The nowadays challenge is to make GRBs, the farthest stellar-scaled objects observed (up to redshift = 9.4), standard candles through well established and robust correlations. However, GRBs spanning several orders of magnitude in their energetics are far from being standard candles. We describe the advances in the prompt correlation research in the past decades, with particular focus paid to the discoveries in the last 20 years.

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Gamma-Ray Bursts Are Observed Off-Axis

Cited by 124 publications

References 44 publications

Magnetars in Ultra-Long Gamma-Ray Bursts and GRB 111209A

Magnetars in Ultra-Long Gamma-Ray Bursts and GRB 111209A

GRB 110715A: the peculiar multiwavelength evolution of the first afterglow detected by ALMA

Gamma-Ray Burst Prompt Correlations

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