Gamma-ray interaction with copper-doped bismuth–borate glasses

ElBatal, F.H.; Marzouk, Samir Y.; Nada, Nadra; Desouky, Sara

doi:10.1016/j.physb.2006.09.001

Cited by 108 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[129][130][131][132][133][134][135] Requirements for these glasses are in general similar to that for nonlinear optics: a HMO glass is needed for a good attenuation factor, but moderate concentrations of traditional network formers (B 2 O 3 and SiO 2 ) are allowed, facilitating fabrication of the thick parts needed for good shielding.…”

Section: C-ray Protection Glassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(i) lead 'crystal' glass 89 (ii) glasses for nuclear waste immobilisation 6,[95][96][97][98] (iii) leaded CRT tube glass 89 (iv) superconductor synthesis, bulk or film, via the glass-ceramic route 39,[99][100][101][102][103][104][105] (v) heavy metal oxide (HMO) glasses with high refraction indices and far infrared (IR) transmission for optical devices and communications 36, (vi) HMO glasses for gamma radiation shielding [129][130][131][132][133][134][135] Main performance criteria…”

Section: Introduction Low Melting Glasses In Electronics and Other Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…253,315 Bi based oxide glasses are already making strong inroads in commercial architectural 33 and automotive overglazes, 48 as well as TF compositions (Table 5). Besides these lead free substitutes, Bi 2 O 3 based HMO glasses have found potential applications, partly together with PbO, in nuclear physics (scintillators, c-ray shielding windows), [129][130][131][132][133][134][135] optics, 36,[106][107][108][109][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128] magnetic materials 316 and glass-ceramic+ semi/superconductors. [99][100][101][102] However, in spite of their significance, compositions based on Bi 2 O 3 have drawn only scant attention, if mentioned at all, in classical 'mainstream' reviews of glasses.…”

Section: Bismuth Glasses Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Maeder

2013

International Materials Reviews

155

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The present work critically reviews the scientific and patent literature on low melting bismuth based oxide glass frits in materials for electronics, sensors and related applications such as sealing glasses, solar cells, architectural and automotive glass, the main motivation being to replace lead based materials by environmentally more benign ones. Due to similar glass forming properties of Bi and Pb, Bi based glasses are the closest 'drop-in' alternative for lead bearing formulations, and are therefore actually replacing them in many applications, helped also by previous experience with Bi containing materials in thick film technology and component metallisations. The outstanding issues are discussed, e.g. matching the lowest processing temperatures achieved by the classical lead based glasses without sacrificing durability and stability, as well as stability versus chemical reduction. Finally, consideration is also given to special 'heavy' glasses (often containing Bi and Pb together) that are useful in fields such as optics, superconductors and nuclear technology, as well as to specific Bi 2 O 3 containing crystalline compounds.Keywords: Glasses, Bismuth, Bi 2 O 3 , Electronics, Optics, Thick film technology, Sensors Introduction Low melting glasses in electronics and other applicationsAs for ceramics, inorganic glasses, glass-ceramic and glaze materials have long gone beyond their traditional uses to address a wide array of modern technological challenges, Owing to performance and cost criteria, most standard glasses have relatively high softening points. However, there are many technological applications where a low softening temperature is required, in order to lower energy expenditure, avoid damaging devices in contact with the glass during processing or ensure compatibility with other materials:(i) hermetic sealing of packages, lamps, electrical feedthroughs and semiconductor devices 13,14,16,17,19,44,45 (ii) hermetic sealing and mechanical attachment of sensors 23,27 ( Fig. 1) (iii) encapsulation of semiconductor devices 29,30 (iv) overglazing of automotive, packaging and architectural glass 33,34,[46][47][48] (v) photovoltaic (PV) solar cell technology -conductors and contacts 42,43,[49][50][51][52][53] (vi) enamelling of aluminium in architecture and home appliances 35,[54][55][56][57][58] (vii) thick film (TF) electronics and other devices 21,22,24,25,27,59 (Fig. 1, the section on 'PbO in low melting frits and TF technology'); especially, special low firing compositions for fabrication of circuits and sensors on glass or metals. 1,28,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72] For these applications, glasses are often formulated as frits (e.g. finely divided powder), which may be applied, dispersed in a suitable medium, onto a substrate by various methods such as slip casting, screen printing, roller/curtain coating, spraying, dispensing and electrophoresis, or as preforms for sealing. Classically, the aforementioned applications have to a great extent used lead based glasses, which have a rather unique combinat...

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Section: C-ray Protection Glassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction Low Melting Glasses In Electronics and Other Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bismuth Glasses Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Maeder

2013

International Materials Reviews

155

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“…The interactions of nuclear radiation, such as gamma rays with glass containing transition metals like Cu and Bi heavy metals are very important from a scientific point of view. Such interactions cause noticeable changes in the structure and chemical properties of glasses [1][2][3][4][5]. It was found that these changes depend not only on the type of radiation and dose, but also on glass type and composition [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such interactions cause noticeable changes in the structure and chemical properties of glasses [1][2][3][4][5]. It was found that these changes depend not only on the type of radiation and dose, but also on glass type and composition [5]. The damage caused by radiation depends on the type and energy of the radiation, as well as the total dose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma Ray Irradiation Effects on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of CuO–Bi2O3–SiO2 Glasses

Saudi¹

2016

AJPA

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Abstract:The effect of gamma radiation on the mechanical and chemical properties of x CuO, (70-x) Bi 2 O 3 , 20SiO 2 ,10 Na 2 O, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 30 weight % were carefully studied in order to obtain information about the changes that appear in the structure of the glass matrix with the doping of copper ions. The glass matrix was fabricated by melt-quenching technique. The results showed that, the glass system has good durability, density and mechanical properties with increasing CuO content at the expense of Bi 2 O 3 , and that the effect of irradiation with gamma dose is very small. UV-VIS absorption spectra for all glasses have a single asymmetric band, which corresponds to a BiO 3 →BiO 6 transition of the Cu 2+ ions in octahedral symmetry with an elongated tetragonal distortion. These measurements indicate the presence of Cu 2+ ions in the glasses. Furthermore, it has good water resistance ability with increasing copper oxide. So, it can be used as a container for keeping radioactive waste and radioactive sources.

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UV-visible and infrared absorption spectra of Bi2O3 in lithium phosphate glasses and effect of gamma irradiation

Marzouk

ElBatal

2013

Appl. Phys. A

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Gamma-ray interaction with copper-doped bismuth–borate glasses

Cited by 108 publications

References 35 publications

Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Gamma Ray Irradiation Effects on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of CuO–Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub> Glasses

UV-visible and infrared absorption spectra of Bi2O3 in lithium phosphate glasses and effect of gamma irradiation

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Gamma-ray interaction with copper-doped bismuth–borate glasses

Cited by 108 publications

References 35 publications

Review of Bi2O3 based glasses for electronics and related applications

Review of Bi2O3 based glasses for electronics and related applications

Gamma Ray Irradiation Effects on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of CuO–Bi&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;–SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Glasses

UV-visible and infrared absorption spectra of Bi2O3 in lithium phosphate glasses and effect of gamma irradiation

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Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Review of Bi₂O₃ based glasses for electronics and related applications

Gamma Ray Irradiation Effects on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of CuO–Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub> Glasses