This is a proceeding of a rapporteur talk given on ground-based gamma-ray astronomy at the 35 th International Cosmic-Ray Conference (ICRC) held in 2017 in Busan, Republic of Korea. A total of ∼300 contributions were presented during the ICRC over 17 gamma-ray sessions. Here, I summarize the contributions mainly focusing on the source observations performed by ground-based gamma-ray instruments and the connection between gamma rays and cosmic rays. Any such summary must necessarily be incomplete. However, I have attempted to provide a glance into recent progress that has been made in using ground-based gamma-ray observations to understand the nature of high energy particles in our Universe.