Gamma shielding performance of the optical B2O3-based glass system

Radiation shielding ability and optical features of La2O3+TiO2+Nb2O5+WO3+X2O3 (X=B, Ga, and In) glass system containing high-entropy oxides

“…Perhaps the attenuation coefficient of W plays a key role in delineating the photon absorbing patterns of the HEMs. However, the energy variations of the attenuation coefficients are dictated by the photoelectric, Compton scattering, and pair production absorption cross-sections and their energy responses [ 22 , 24 ]. Both the photoelectric and pair production absorption processes completely absorb photons, while Compton scattering reduces the energy and penetration powers of photons through incoherent scattering.…”

“…The thickness d (cm) of the sample and position were chosen such that the narrow beam transmission of photons was guaranteed. For the incident photon beam , HMO mass thickness of (g/cm 2 ), and transmitted photon intensity , the was calculated based on the transmission equation given in Table 2 [ 22 , 24 ]. In addition, was calculated through the XCOM free platform for the materials.…”

“…The calculations of in the simulations and direct calculations (XCOM) were for single photon energies within the range of 15 keV −15 MeV. As a way of understanding the photon interaction ability of the HMOs, other -dependent parameters such as the linear attenuation coefficient , effective atomic number , mean-free path , and half-value layer were estimated using the appropriate equation in Table 2 [ 22 , 24 ].

Fig.

…”

“…This is important in a mixed radiation field or in situations where the interaction of one form of radiation can give birth to another, such as in the radiative capture of neutrons. Therefore, composite materials, including glasses, rocks, and alloys, have been actively researched and recommended for radiation shielding in different radiation application scenarios [ [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] ]. Some of these materials have shown great potential as radiation shields; others have possessed certain qualities that make them preferable in different shielding scenarios.…”

“…Some of these materials have shown great potential as radiation shields; others have possessed certain qualities that make them preferable in different shielding scenarios. For instance, while composite materials such as bulk metallic glasses [ 22 ], marbles, granite [ 28 ], volcanic rocks [ 29 ], alloys [ 32 ], and concrete [ 34 ] have displayed good shielding attributes, their opaqueness has limited their applications in some medical and industrial applications of radiation where optical transparency of shields is advantageous. On the other hand, transparent glasses with good shielding abilities may lack the mechanical strength and temperature tolerance required in shielding materials for space exploration, nuclear power plants, and the construction of structural shields stable against other environmental factors.…”