GaN-on-Si μLED optoelectrodes for high-spatiotemporal-accuracy optogenetics in freely behaving animals

Kim, K.; English, Daniel F.; McKenzie, Sam; Wu, Fan; Stark, Eran; Seymour, John P.; Ku, Pei-Cheng; Wise, K.D.; Buzsáki, György; Yoon, Euisik

doi:10.1109/iedm.2016.7838486

Cited by 17 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…To record and activate hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2 under control of a excitatory neuron specific promoter (CaMKII::ChR2 mice; see Methods) were implanted with four-shank silicon probes equipped with 12 μLEDs (Figure 2E) (Kim et al, 2016). Since the light sources in this device are intermingled with the recording sites, sub-μW light power is sufficient to activate small numbers of pyramidal cells confined to the vicinity of the light from a single recording shank (Wu et al, 2015) and, importantly, the activity of the light-modulated neurons can be simultaneously monitored during stimulation (Wu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirty-two channel silicon probes (20 μm intersite spacing) with integrated μLEDs (Kim et al, 2016, Wu et al, 2015), or 64 channel silicon probes with diode-coupled optic fibers affixed to the shanks (Stark et al, 2012), were implanted in 6–12 month old male CaMKII::ChR2 (N = 4) or PV::ChR2 mice (N = 5). Stimulation protocols were programmed via a Power1401 microprocessor (Cambridge Electronic Design), controlling μLEDs directly, or laser diodes through a constant current source (Thorlabs Inc).…”

Section: Star Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyramidal Cell-Interneuron Circuit Architecture and Dynamics in Hippocampal Networks

English

McKenzie

Evans

et al. 2017

Neuron

232

304

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Summary Excitatory control of inhibitory neurons is poorly understood due to the difficulty of studying synaptic connectivity in vivo. We inferred such connectivity through analysis of spike timing and validated this inference using juxtacellular and optogenetic control of presynaptic spikes in behaving mice. We observed that neighboring CA1 neurons had stronger connections, and that superficial pyramidal cells projected more to deep interneurons. Connection probability and strength were skewed, with a minority of highly connected hubs. Divergent presynaptic connections led to synchrony between interneurons. Synchrony of convergent presynaptic inputs boosted postsynaptic drive. Presynaptic firing frequency was read out by postsynaptic neurons through short-term depression and facilitation, with individual pyramidal cells and interneurons displaying a diversity of spike transmission filters. Additionally, spike transmission was strongly modulated by prior spike timing of the postsynaptic cell. These results bridge anatomical structure with physiological function.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Star Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyramidal Cell-Interneuron Circuit Architecture and Dynamics in Hippocampal Networks

English

McKenzie

Evans

et al. 2017

Neuron

232

304

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In our second approach, we used focal optogenetic stimulation to increase the firing rate of small numbers of pyramidal cells ( Figure S2C), effectively scaling up the experiment in order to gain a more quantitative estimate of the distribution of the pairwise interactions. To record and activate hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2 under control of a excitatory neuron specific promoter (CaMKII::ChR2 mice; see Methods) were implanted with four-shank silicon probes equipped with 12 μLEDs ( Figure 2E) (Kim et al, 2016). Since the light sources in this device are intermingled with the recording sites, sub-μW light power is sufficient to activate small numbers of pyramidal cells confined to the vicinity of the light from a single recording shank (Wu et al, 2015) and, importantly, the activity of the light-modulated neurons can be simultaneously monitored during stimulation (Wu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Identification Of Monosynaptic Spike Transmission From Pyrammentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyramidal Cell-Interneuron Circuit Architecture and Dynamics in Hippocampal Networks

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Excitatory control of inhibitory neurons is poorly understood due to the difficulty of studying synaptic connectivity in vivo. We inferred such connectivity through analysis of spike timing and validated this inference using juxtacellular and optogenetic control of presynaptic spikes in behaving mice. We observed that neighboring CA1 neurons had stronger connections, and that superficial pyramidal cells projected more to deep interneurons. Connection probability and strength were skewed, with a minority of highly connected hubs. Divergent presynaptic connections led to synchrony between interneurons. Synchrony of convergent presynaptic inputs boosted postsynaptic drive. Presynaptic firing frequency was read out by postsynaptic neurons through short-term depression and facilitation, with individual pyramidal cells and interneurons displaying a diversity of spike transmission filters. Additionally, spike transmission was strongly modulated by prior spike timing of the postsynaptic cell. These results bridge anatomical structure with physiological function.

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“…We present minimal-stimulation-artifact (miniSTAR) µLED optoelectrode and report the engineering schemes that enabled artifact-free optical stimulation. We extensively characterized various forms of optical-stimulation-induced artifacts, including photoelectrochemical effects (PEC) [20][21][22][23][24][25] , electromagnetic interference (EMI) 6,26,27 , and photovoltaic effects (PV) 28,29 . MiniSTAR optoelectrodes utilize monolithically integrated neuron-sized LEDs 11 for high spatial resolution optical stimulation of target neurons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artifact-free, high-temporal-resolutionin vivoopto-electrophysiology with microLED optoelectrodes

Kim

Vöröslakos

Seymour

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractThe combination of in vivo extracellular recording and genetic-engineering-assisted optical stimulation is a powerful tool for the study of neuronal circuits. Precise analysis of complex neural circuits requires high-density integration of multiple cellular-size light sources and recording electrodes. However, high-density integration inevitably introduces stimulation artifact. We present minimal-stimulation-artifact (miniSTAR) µLED optoelectrodes that enable effective elimination of stimulation artifact. A multi-metal-layer structure with a shielding layer effectively suppresses capacitive coupling of stimulation signals. A heavily-boron-doped silicon substrate silences the photovoltaic effect induced from LED illumination. With transient stimulation pulse shaping, we reduced stimulation artifact on miniSTAR µLED optoelectrodes to below 50 µVpp, much smaller than a typical spike detection threshold, at optical stimulation of > 50 mW mm-2 irradiance. We demonstrated high-temporal resolution (< 1 ms) opto-electrophysiology without any artifact-induced signal quality degradation during in vivo experiments. MiniSTAR µLED optoelectrodes will facilitate functional mapping of local circuits and discoveries in the brain.

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GaN-on-Si μLED optoelectrodes for high-spatiotemporal-accuracy optogenetics in freely behaving animals

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Pyramidal Cell-Interneuron Circuit Architecture and Dynamics in Hippocampal Networks

Pyramidal Cell-Interneuron Circuit Architecture and Dynamics in Hippocampal Networks

Pyramidal Cell-Interneuron Circuit Architecture and Dynamics in Hippocampal Networks

Artifact-free, high-temporal-resolutionin vivoopto-electrophysiology with microLED optoelectrodes

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