Ganciclovir Gel—A New Topical Treatment for Herpetic Keratitis

Foster, C. Stephen

doi:10.17925/usor.2007.03.00.52

Cited by 9 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…They function by competitive inhibition, becoming incorporated into viral DNA within infected cells. Viral DNA synthesis in this manner is interrupted by the irreversible binding of viral DNA polymerase 7,57. Early generation drugs included idoxuridine, iododesoxycytidine, vidarabine, and trifluridine.…”

Section: Antiviral Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oral acyclovir has been shown to be useful for prevention of recurrent HSV eye disease in its various manifestations 71–74. Once discontinued, however, reactivation of HSV eye disease returns to pretreatment rates, as the latent form of the virus is not eradicated by this virustatic medication 57,75…”

Section: Antiviral Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because ganciclovir is not recognized as a substrate by human thymidine kinase within healthy human cells, the active metabolite does not build up in uninfected cells 5. Consequently, while strongly inhibiting viral replication in cells infected with HSV, it does not damage DNA or interfere with DNA polymerization in healthy cells 3,57,80. The effects of ganciclovir are thus limited to HSV-infected cells, resulting in less potential host toxicity 5…”

Section: Ganciclovirmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Study four was the largest of the clinical studies, involving 164 subjects ≥18 years of age with herpes keratitis from 28 study centers in France, England, Ireland, Mali, Tunisia, and Madagascar 1,65. Patients were followed for 2 years between September 1992 and September 1994 in this Phase III trial 57,65,104. The four studies are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment continued for a maximum period of 21 days for dendritic ulcers, and 35 days for geographic ones. For FDA approval, however, the primary endpoint needed to be redefined as the proportion of patients exhibiting clinical healing by day 7 1,57. The differences in median healing time for dendritic ulcers were not statistically significant for the different topical treatments in any of the four major studies 1,57…”

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ganciclovir ophthalmic gel 0.15% for the treatment of acute herpetic keratitis: background, effectiveness, tolerability, safety, and future applications

Chou¹,

Hong²

2014

TCRM

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Eye disease due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a leading cause of ocular morbidity and the number one infectious cause of unilateral corneal blindness in the developed parts of the globe. Recurrent keratitis can result in progressive corneal scarring, thinning, and vascularization. Antiviral agents employed against HSV have primarily been nucleoside analogs. Early generation drugs included idoxuridine, iododesoxycytidine, vidarabine, and trifluridine. While effective, they tended to have low bioavailability and measurable local cellular toxicity due to their nonselective mode of action. Acyclovir 0.3% ointment is a more selective agent, and had become a first-line topical drug for acute HSV keratitis in Europe and other places outside of the US. Ganciclovir 0.15% gel is the most recently approved topical treatment for herpes keratitis. Compared to acyclovir 0.3% ointment, ganciclovir 0.15% gel has been shown to be better tolerated and no less effective in several Phase II and III trials. Additionally, topical ganciclovir does not cause adverse systemic side effects and is therapeutic at lower concentrations. Based on safety, efficacy, and tolerability, ganciclovir 0.15% gel should now be considered a front-line topical drug in the treatment of dendritic herpes simplex epithelial keratitis. Topics of future investigation regarding other potential uses for ganciclovir gel may include the prophylaxis of recurrent HSV epithelial keratitis, treatment of other forms of ocular disease caused by herpesviruses and adenovirus, and ganciclovir gel as an adjunct to antitumor therapy.

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Section: Antiviral Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antiviral Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ganciclovirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ganciclovir ophthalmic gel 0.15% for the treatment of acute herpetic keratitis: background, effectiveness, tolerability, safety, and future applications

Chou¹,

Hong²

2014

TCRM

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Nanotechnology-based strategies for treatment of ocular disease

Weng

Liu

Jin

et al. 2017

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B

289

183

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Ocular diseases include various anterior and posterior segment diseases. Due to the unique anatomy and physiology of the eye, efficient ocular drug delivery is a great challenge to researchers and pharmacologists. Although there are conventional noninvasive and invasive treatments, such as eye drops, injections and implants, the current treatments either suffer from low bioavailability or severe adverse ocular effects. Alternatively, the emerging nanoscience and nanotechnology are playing an important role in the development of novel strategies for ocular disease therapy. Various active molecules have been designed to associate with nanocarriers to overcome ocular barriers and intimately interact with specific ocular tissues. In this review, we highlight the recent attempts of nanotechnology-based systems for imaging and treating ocular diseases, such as corneal d iseases, glaucoma, retina diseases, and choroid diseases. Although additional work remains, the progress described herein may pave the way to new, highly effective and important ocular nanomedicines.

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Viral Disease of the Eye

Newman

2016

Clinical Virology

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Ganciclovir Gel—A New Topical Treatment for Herpetic Keratitis

Abstract: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Ganciclovir ophthalmic gel 0.15% for the treatment of acute herpetic keratitis: background, effectiveness, tolerability, safety, and future applications

Ganciclovir ophthalmic gel 0.15% for the treatment of acute herpetic keratitis: background, effectiveness, tolerability, safety, and future applications

Nanotechnology-based strategies for treatment of ocular disease

Viral Disease of the Eye

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