Gang Loitering and Race

Rosenthal, Lawrence

doi:10.2307/1144147

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, the arrest risk associated with being a high-SES Hispanic youth was significantly larger than the risk experienced by their White counterparts. This was consistent with notions that minority youth are "out of place" in higher SES contexts (Meehan & Ponder, 2002;Rosenthal, 2000;Russell, 1998;Werthman & Piliavin, 1967). Several explanations may apply.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Since regulation of public spaces is one of the central responsibilities of patrol police (Klinger, 1997;Stinchcombe, 1963;Werthman & Pilliavin, 1967), it increases the likelihood that a large proportion of lower class subjects will be processed through the justice system (Katz, Webb, & Schaefer, 2001;Reisig, McCluskey, Mastrofski, & Terrill, 2004;Smith, 1986). Moreover, due process standards are lowered in the detection of undesirable or illegal practices in public spaces, resulting in easier targets for arrest than those taking place behind closed doors on private property (Rosenthal, 2000). Finally, as with race, ecological contamination is a salient concept in patrol studies suggesting that officers working high poverty (and presumably high crime) areas develop cynical views about its general inhabitants' crime-proneness (Klinger, 1997;Meehan & Ponder, 2002).…”

Section: Conflict Labeling and Povertymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Untangling race and class effects on juvenile arrests

Tapia

2010

Journal of Criminal Justice

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Conflict Labeling and Povertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Untangling race and class effects on juvenile arrests

Tapia

2010

Journal of Criminal Justice

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“…A dangerous confluence of unbridled police discretion and widespread racism developed, eventually leading to the invalidation of many of these statutes (Stuntz ). However, as Rosenthal () points out, even some of the conventional, modern criminal statutes “allow … the police enormous freedom to undertake a variety of quite heavy‐handed measures against the residents of inner‐city minority communities.” Some, like a Chicago anti‐loitering ordinance, were struck down by the courts; others, like the public‐housing‐specific trespass law in New York, remain on the books.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race and Selective Enforcement in Public Housing

Fagan¹,

Davies²,

Carlis³

2012

J Empirical Legal Studies

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Drugs, crime, and public housing are closely linked in policy and politics, and their nexus has animated several intensive drug enforcement programs targeted at public housing residents. In New York City, police systematically conduct “vertical patrols” in public housing buildings, making tens of thousands of Terry stops each year. During these patrols, both uniformed and undercover officers systematically move through the buildings, temporarily detaining and questioning residents and visitors, often at a low threshold of suspicion, and usually alleging trespass to justify the stop. We use a case‐control design to identify the effects of living in one of New York City's 330 public housing developments on the probability of stop, frisk, and arrest from 2004–2011. We find that the incidence rate ratio for trespass stops and arrests is more than two times greater in public housing than in the immediate surrounding neighborhoods. We decompose these effects using first differences models and find that the difference in percent black and Hispanic populations in public housing compared to the surrounding area predicts the disparity in trespass enforcement and enforcement of other criminal law violations. The pattern of racially selective enforcement suggests the potential for systemic violations of the Fourteenth Amendment's prohibition on racial discrimination.

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“…Moreover, inner-city street corners are staging areas for claiming turf and for drug dealing, resulting in "turf battles" with police (Miller, 1958;Rosenthal, 2000;Valdez, 2000;Vigil, 1988;Werthman & Piliavin, 1967).…”

Section: Gang Membership × Sesmentioning

confidence: 99%

U.S. Juvenile Arrests

Tapia

2010

Youth & Society

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This study addresses the link between gang membership and arrest frequency, exploring the Gang × Socioeconomic status interaction on those arrests. Notoriously poor, delinquent, and often well-known to police, America's gang youth should have very high odds of arrest. Yet it is unclear whether mere membership in a gang increases the risk of arrest or whether it must be accompanied by high levels of delinquency to have an effect. There are surprisingly few tests of the arrest risk associated solely with group membership. The several studies that provide such a test have yielded mixed results. Revisiting this issue with longitudinal youth data for the nation, random effects Poisson models find main effects for gang membership and SES on arrest, controlling for demographic and legal items. However, interaction effects obtain paradoxical findings consistent with research on "out-of-place" effects for high-SES gang youth, and protective effects for low-SES gang youth. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for labeling theory and the federal initiative on disproportionate minority contact (DMC) with the juvenile justice system.

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Gang Loitering and Race

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Untangling race and class effects on juvenile arrests

Untangling race and class effects on juvenile arrests

Race and Selective Enforcement in Public Housing

U.S. Juvenile Arrests

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