Gang membership and violent victimization

Peterson, Dana; Taylor, Terrance J.; Esbensen, Finn‐Aage

doi:10.1080/07418820400095991

Cited by 213 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is only fitting, then, that in their discussion of their longitudinal findings on gang membership and victimization, Peterson et al (2004) aligned their results with Thornberry et al's (1993) selection, facilitation, and enhancement models which were introduced originally to explain the relationship between gang membership and offending. DeLisi et al (2009) formally extended this theoretical model to gang membership and victimization in framing their national study.…”

Section: Gang Membership and Violent Victimization In Contextmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Variables used in the propensity score model include demographic factors, wave 1 values of proposed mediators, and victimization at wave 1, because it is a reason for joining gangs (Peterson et al 2004) and it predicts future victimization (Farrell and Pease 2001;Turanovic and Pratt 2014), along with other community, school, and individual levels predictors of gang joining behavior (see Appendix 3). The propensity score, as wells as demographic characteristics and wave 1 values of proposed mediators, is then used as a control variable in the mediation analysis to test the effect of gang membership at wave 2 on violent victimization in waves 2 and 3 (Melde and Esbensen 2011).…”

Section: Analytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uncovering the Pathways Between Gang Membership and Violent Victimization

Pyrooz

2015

J Quant Criminol

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Objectives Gang members are more likely to be victimized violently than non-gang youth, but the extent to which this relationship is confounded, direct, or mediated remains unclear. This study responds to recent calls by scholars for more methodologically sound research in this area with the goal of uncovering the pathways between gang membership and violent victimization.Methods Using a school-based longitudinal sample of adolescents, the current study uses Preacher and Hayes multiple mediator structural equation modeling and counterfactual methodology to test whether and which theoretical pathways-self-control, cultural orientations, routine activity, and lifestyle theory-mediate the contemporaneous and prospective effects of gang membership on violent victimization. ResultsThe results indicate that 27 % of the contemporaneous effects of gang membership on victimization is attributable to selection, with the remaining 73 % endogenous to gang membership, supporting Thornberry et al.'s (J Res Crime Delinquency 30:55-87, 1993) enhancement model. Entry into a gang increases risk taking, temper, self-centeredness, negative peer commitment, neutralization of violence, aggressive conflict resolution, unstructured socializing, and delinquency, and decreases empathy and positive peer commitment. The contemporaneous gang membership-victimization link was fully mediated, due almost entirely to delinquency. Prospective models reveal a gang membership-victimization link that is fully confounded by selection, although attrition and desistance from gangs may be responsible for this finding.Conclusions The existing risky attitudes and behaviors of youth who select into gangs matters a great deal for understanding the gang membership-victimization link, but these very risks are exacerbated upon entry into a gang. Our mediation findings suggest that interventions targeting highly delinquent gang members should pay dual dividends of reducing delinquency and victimization.

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Section: Gang Membership and Violent Victimization In Contextmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Analytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering the Pathways Between Gang Membership and Violent Victimization

Pyrooz

2015

J Quant Criminol

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“…A study conducted by Peterson, Taylor, and Esbensen (2004) reported delinquency rates, as well as violent victimization rates, for gang members at a significantly greater level than those for their non-gang counterparts. Furthermore, in a study conducted by Harper and Robinson (1999), gang members reported more frequent indicators of criminal involvement such as weapon carrying, physical fighting, and attacking behavior, as compared to nonmembers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Gang Membership on Negative Affect, Substance Use, and Antisocial Behavior Among Homeless African American Male Youth

2008

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The current study examined differences between gang-involved and non-gang-involved homeless African American male youth with regard to negative affect, substance use, and antisocial/violent behavior. A total of 69 homeless African American young men were recruited from community agencies and completed structured face-to-face interviews. Overall, gang members reported higher rates of negative mental and physical health outcomes than did non-gang members, with current gang members reporting higher levels of depression and anxiety, greater levels of antisocial and violent behavior, and higher levels of lifetime alcohol and marijuana use. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that greater levels of gang involvement were associated with more frequent lifetime use of alcohol and marijuana and higher levels of participation in violent behaviors. Implications of these findings for interventions with homeless African American male youth and future research directions are discussed.

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“…Les membres de gangs, plus que tout autre délinquant, sont engagés dans des conflits violents (Bouchard et Spindler, 2010 ;Decker, 1996 ;Melde, Taylor et Esbensen 2009 ;Peterson, Taylor et Esbensen, 2004). Lorsque la propension à la violence se transforme en une surexposition à une violente victimisation, certains membres préfèrent quitter leur gang.…”

Section: Incitations à La Désaffiliationunclassified

Le processus de désaffiliation aux gangs. Le rôle des facteurs individuels et collectifs

Descormiers

Corrado

2015

crimino

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Dans cet article, il est question du processus de désaffiliation au sein d’un échantillon de 73 membres de gangs incarcérés dans un centre de détention en Colombie-Britannique. Plus précisément, cet article examine si la désaffiliation est associée aux caractéristiques individuelles ou plutôt aux caractéristiques et aux processus collectifs. Pour ce faire, les différences entre les membres toujours affiliés (n = 51) et ceux s’étant désistés (n = 22) sont dans un premier temps examinées. Deuxièmement, une régression logistique est utilisée afin de déterminer quels sont les facteurs les plus susceptibles de prédire une désaffiliation au sein de l’échantillon. Les principaux résultats semblent indiquer que la violence au sein du gang ainsi que l’environnement criminel de la recrue favorisent la continuation de l’affiliation et retardent ainsi le désistement. Cet article a aussi pour objectif d’illustrer le contexte dans lequel se déroule la désaffiliation, en examinant (a) le rôle d’évènements potentiels précipitant la décision de se désaffilier et (b) le rôle spécifique joué par la violence dans le processus de désaffiliation. Ces deux derniers objectifs sont abordés dans l’analyse des récits des 22 participants ayant récemment quitté leur gang. Le but premier de cette analyse qualitative est de bonifier les résultats issus de l’analyse quantitative, qui ne parvient peut-être pas à capturer le spectre complet du processus décisionnel.The present study examines the process of gang disaffiliation among a sample of 73 incarcerated gang members in British Columbia, looking at whether termination of membership is associated with individual characteristics or is more influenced by group characteristics and processes. The differences between active members (n = 51) and those who have left the gang (n = 22) are examined. A logistic regression is then used to determine which factors were more likely to predict gang disaffiliation among those in our sample. The results suggest that internal gang violence and a pre-membership criminal social environment support continued membership and thus delay disaffiliation. The article also examines the context in which disaffiliation takes place, looking at (a) the role of potential triggering events on the decision to leave the gang and (b) the role of violence in the process of disaffiliation. These two last objectives are addressed by analysing the narratives of the 22 participants of this study who had recently left their gangs. This qualitative analysis complements the quantitative results, which may not capture the full spectrum of the decision process.En el presente artículo, se debate sobre el proceso de desafiliación en el seno de una muestra de 73 miembros de pandillas encarceladas en un centro de detención de Colombia Británica. Más precisamente, el artículo examina si la desafiliación está asociada a características individuales o más bien a características y procesos colectivos. Para ello, las diferencias entre los miembros afiliados (n = 51) y aquellos que se habían desist...

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Gang membership and violent victimization

Cited by 213 publications

References 24 publications

Uncovering the Pathways Between Gang Membership and Violent Victimization

Uncovering the Pathways Between Gang Membership and Violent Victimization

Influence of Gang Membership on Negative Affect, Substance Use, and Antisocial Behavior Among Homeless African American Male Youth

Le processus de désaffiliation aux gangs. Le rôle des facteurs individuels et collectifs

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