Gangdese arc detritus within the eastern Himalayan Neogene foreland basin: Implications for the Neogene evolution of the Yalu–Brahmaputra River system

Cina, Sara E.; Yin, An; Grove, Marty; Dubey, C. S.; Shukla, Dericks Praise; Lovera, Oscar M.; Kelty, Thomas K.; Gehrels, George E.; Foster, David A.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.005

Cited by 108 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…We can identify paleo-Brahmaputra input to the sediments because Transhimalayan zircons are typically of Cretaceous-Eocene age. In contrast, zircons derived from Indian-plate Himalayan drainages are dominated by >400 Ma and Miocene ages (e.g., Bracciali et al, 2016;Cina et al, 2009;Gehrels et al, 2011;Lang and Huntington, 2014;Fig. 2).…”

Section: Results: Provenance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transhimalayan detritus in dated Siwalik sediments of the eastern Himalaya shows that the Yarlung and Brahmaputra were connected by 13 Ma; connection through the Siang River ( Fig. 1) was established by at least 7 Ma Chirouze et al, 2013;Cina et al, 2009;Govin, 2017;Lang and Huntington, 2014;Lang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Geological Context and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, Himalayan rivers only drain Indian plate rocks to the south (Bracciali et al, 2015;Cina et al, 2009;Gehrels et al, 2011). Transhimalayan detritus in dated Siwalik sediments of the eastern Himalaya shows that the Yarlung and Brahmaputra were connected by 13 Ma; connection through the Siang River ( Fig.…”

Section: Geological Context and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing and mechanism of the rise of the Shillong Plateau in the Himalayan foreland

Govin

Najman

Copley

et al. 2018

Geology

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The Shillong Plateau (northeastern India) constitutes the only significant topography in the Himalayan foreland. Knowledge of its surface uplift history is key to understanding topographic development and unraveling tectonic-climate-topographic coupling in the eastern Himalaya. We use the sedimentary record of the Himalayan foreland basin north of the Shillong Plateau to show that the paleoBrahmaputra river was redirected north and west by the rising plateau at 5.2-4.9 Ma. We suggest that onset of plateau uplift is a result of increased fault-slip rates in response to stresses caused by the Indian lithosphere bending beneath the Himalaya.

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Section: Results: Provenance Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Context and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing and mechanism of the rise of the Shillong Plateau in the Himalayan foreland

Govin

Najman

Copley

et al. 2018

Geology

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“…Rather it suggests that the highest topography was located to the north within the Lhasa terrane, not unlike the modern orogen in which the highest deformation and exhumation rates are located south of the highest topography (28). Such a configuration would also have delivered material derived from the Lhasa terrane to the Himalayan foreland basin before ∼10 Ma, which sedimentary provenance studies document (13,46). This configuration does not preclude the existence of a paleo-Yarlung River draining from the Lhasa terrane to the Bengal or Central Myanmar basins through the eastern Himalayan syntaxis (14,15), but suggests that this river did not extend hundreds of kilometers to the west into the plateau interior.…”

Section: A Landscape Evolution Hypothesis For Southern Tibetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion in southern Tibet shut down at ∼10 Ma due to enhanced rock uplift within the Himalaya

Tremblay

Fox

Schmidt

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Exhumation of the southern Tibetan plateau margin reflects interplay between surface and lithospheric dynamics within the Himalaya-Tibet orogen. We report thermochronometric data from a 1.2-km elevation transect within granitoids of the eastern Lhasa terrane, southern Tibet, which indicate rapid exhumation exceeding 1 km/Ma from 17-16 to 12-11 Ma followed by very slow exhumation to the present. We hypothesize that these changes in exhumation occurred in response to changes in the loci and rate of rock uplift and the resulting southward shift of the main topographic and drainage divides from within the Lhasa terrane to their current positions within the Himalaya. At ∼17 Ma, steep erosive drainage networks would have flowed across the Himalaya and greater amounts of moisture would have advected into the Lhasa terrane to drive large-scale erosional exhumation. As convergence thickened and widened the Himalaya, the orographic barrier to precipitation in southern Tibet terrane would have strengthened. Previously documented midcrustal duplexing around 10 Ma generated a zone of high rock uplift within the Himalaya. We use numerical simulations as a conceptual tool to highlight how a zone of high rock uplift could have defeated transverse drainage networks, resulting in substantial drainage reorganization. When combined with a strengthening orographic barrier to precipitation, this drainage reorganization would have driven the sharp reduction in exhumation rate we observe in southern Tibet.Tibet-Himalaya | thermochronometry | landscape evolution T he Himalaya-Tibet orogenic system, formed by collision between India and Asia beginning ca. 50 Ma, is the most salient topographic feature on Earth and is considered the archetype for understanding continental collision. Geophysical and geologic research has illuminated the modern structure and dynamics of the orogen (1). Nonetheless, how the relatively low relief and high elevation Tibetan plateau grew spatially and temporally and what underlying mechanism(s) drove the patterns of plateau growth remain outstanding questions.In the internally drained central Tibetan plateau, evidence from carbonate stable isotopes suggest that high elevations persisted since at least 25-35 Ma (2, 3). Sustained high elevations since shortly after collision commenced have also been used to explain low long-term erosion rates in the internally drained plateau interior (4-6). In contrast to the central plateau, the externally drained Tibetan plateau margins serve as the headwaters for many major river systems in Asia. Because externally drained rivers provide an erosive mechanism to destroy uplifted terrane, understanding why these rivers have not incised further and more deeply into the Tibetan plateau is essential to decipher how the plateau grew. Recent research in the eastern (7, 8) and northern (9) Tibetan plateau indicates that erosion rates have increased significantly since ∼10 Ma. These increases suggest that rock uplift rates have also increased and that the plateau has expanded to the e...

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“…The main syntaxial sequence of highly deformed Namcha Barwa Group felsic gneiss and high-pressure granulite reveals extremely localized erosion and an intense phase of very young and fast fold-controlled exhumation rates up to 10 mm/yr in the core (Booth and others, 2008;Seward and Burg, 2008;Cina and others, 2009). Further south, in the Arunachal Himalaya, the Cenozoic foreland Siwalik belt abruptly rises over the Holocene Brahmaputra alluvium along the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), and is overridden by the pre-Cenozoic Lesser Himalayan sedimentary sequence along the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT).…”

Section: Earthquake Depth Distributions In Central Asia and Lithosphementioning

confidence: 99%

Proceedings of the 25th Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop

Leech¹,

Klemperer²,

Mooney³

2010

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Gangdese arc detritus within the eastern Himalayan Neogene foreland basin: Implications for the Neogene evolution of the Yalu–Brahmaputra River system

Cited by 108 publications

References 57 publications

Timing and mechanism of the rise of the Shillong Plateau in the Himalayan foreland

Timing and mechanism of the rise of the Shillong Plateau in the Himalayan foreland

Erosion in southern Tibet shut down at ∼10 Ma due to enhanced rock uplift within the Himalaya

Proceedings of the 25th Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet Workshop

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