Ganglion cell loss in early glaucoma, as assessed by photopic negative response, pattern electroretinogram, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

Cvenkel, Barbara; Šuštar, Maja; Perovšek, Darko

doi:10.1007/s10633-017-9595-9

Cited by 56 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…RGC loss results in altered RGC function that can be detected by pattern electroretinogram (PERG), which may be used to determine RGC dysfunction in concomitance with the progressive thinning of the RGC layer and the damage of both the inner nuclear layer (INL) and the optic nerve [12]. There are also several indications that the amplitude of the photopic negative response (PhNR) to light flashes is well correlated with the integrity of the RGC layer, thus providing an objective assessment of RGC functionality [13]. PhNR is a negative-going wave following the b-wave of the cone response that originates in the inner retinal layer and correlates well with the INL integrity and function [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Efficacy of a Dietary Supplement Based on Forskolin, Homotaurine, Spearmint Extract, and Group B Vitamins in a Mouse Model of Optic Nerve Injury

et al. 2019

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Glaucoma is a multifactorial blinding disease with a major inflammatory component ultimately leading to apoptotic retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Pharmacological treatments lowering intraocular pressure can help slow or prevent vision loss although the damage caused by glaucoma cannot be reversed. Recently, nutritional approaches have been evaluated for their efficacy in preventing degenerative events in the retina although mechanisms underlying their effectiveness remain to be elucidated. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a diet supplement consisting of forskolin, homotaurine, spearmint extract, and vitamins of the B group in counteracting retinal dysfunction in a mouse model of optic nerve crush (ONC) used as an in vivo model of glaucoma. After demonstrating that ONC did not affect retinal vasculature by fluorescein angiography, we determined the effect of the diet supplement on the photopic negative response (PhNR) whose amplitude is strictly related to RGC integrity and is therefore drastically reduced in concomitance with RGC death. We found that the diet supplementation prevents the reduction of PhNR amplitude (p < 0.001) and concomitantly counteracts RGC death, as in supplemented mice, RGC number assessed immunohistochemically is significantly higher than that in non-supplemented animals (p < 0.01). Major determinants of the protective efficacy of the compound are due to a reduction of ONC-associated cytokine secretion leading to decreased levels of apoptotic markers that in supplemented mice are significantly lower than in non-supplemented animals (p < 0.001), ultimately causing RGC survival and ameliorated visual dysfunction. Overall, our data suggest that the above association of compounds plays a neuroprotective role in this mouse model of glaucoma thus offering a new perspective in inflammation-associated neurodegenerative diseases of the inner retina.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Efficacy of a Dietary Supplement Based on Forskolin, Homotaurine, Spearmint Extract, and Group B Vitamins in a Mouse Model of Optic Nerve Injury

et al. 2019

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“…The PhNR amplitudes of the focal macular ERG scans can be used to assess the damages of the RGCs in glaucoma and the decrease in the PhNR amplitudes was associated with reductions in the cpRNFL and mRNFL thicknesses [6,13]. The amplitudes of the PhNR of the focal ERG scans and PhNR/B correlated with the corresponding cpRNFL thicknesses when measured by scanning laser polarimetry in the superotemporal and inferotemporal regions [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…There are several reports available outlining direct comparisons among visual sensitivities determined by standard automated perimetry (SAP), structural parameters of the inner retina obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and the amplitude of the PhNR/B or the N/T [4,5,[13][14][15], but no reports especially conducting comparisons between N/T and the PhNR/B of mfERG scans (mfPhNR/B) in the same glaucoma patient have been published.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between structural and functional changes in glaucomatous eyes: A multifocal electroretinogram study

Tanaka

Ishida

Ozawa

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The association between the structure of the macular region and its function as measured by multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and the mean thresholds (MT) of the visual field (VF) is not well-understood. Methods: The macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) and the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) in six regions were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). For functional assessment, MT and mfERG scans with parameters of the second-order kernel responses within the central 5°, nasal to temporal amplitudes ratio (N/T), and the multifocal photopic negative response to B-wave ratio (mfPhNR/B) were measured. Forty-one glaucoma patients underwent OCT, mfERG, and MT measurement and 55 healthy subjects underwent mfERG. Results: The mfPhNR/B was significantly smaller ( P < 0.01) and the N/T was significantly larger ( P < 0.01) in glaucoma patients than in normal subjects. In glaucoma patients, the N/T is significantly correlated with the thickness of inferior and inferotemporal GCIPL ( r = -0.317 and -0.360, respectively) and MT of corresponding VF areas ( r = -0.330 and -0.334, respectively) (all P values < 0.05). The mfPhNR/B was significantly correlated with the thickness of mRNFL in the central area ( r = 0.365, P = 0.02) and with the MT of all corresponding VF areas ( r rages between 0.330 and 0.460, all P values < 0.04), except for the inferotemporal area. However, correlation was not observed between the N/T and the mfPhNR/B in any location. Conclusions: Significant differences exist between glaucoma and healthy participants in the N/T and mfPhNR/B. Correlations were observed between two mfERG parameters and OCT parameters or MT in glaucoma patients. Further research should seek to demonstrate whether the N/T and the mfPhNR/B should be applied in a complementary fashion.

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“…The PhNR amplitudes of the focal macular ERG scans can be used to assess the damages of the RGCs in glaucoma and the decrease in the PhNR amplitudes was associated with reductions in the cpRNFL and mRNFL thicknesses [6,13]. The amplitudes of the PhNR of the focal ERG scans correlated with the corresponding cpRNFL thicknesses when measured by scanning laser polarimetry in the superotemporal and inferotemporal regions [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between structural and functional changes in glaucomatous eyes: A multifocal electroretinogram study

Tanaka

Ishida

Ozawa

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The nasal to temporal amplitudes ratio (N/T) of multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) scans measured within 5° of the macula can be used to detect glaucomatous change. The photopic negative response (PhNR) of mfERG elicited by a circular stimulus centered on the fovea was significantly reduced in eyes with glaucoma. The PhNR to B-wave ratio (PhNR/B) is the optimal measure of the PhNR. However, clinical superiority for evaluating glaucoma patients has not been determined between N/T and PhNR/B yet. Methods: For morphological assessments, ganglion cell complex (GCC) in six regions and the average were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). For functional assessment, Humphrey visual fields (VF) with mean sensitivities (MT) and mfERG scans with parameters of N/T and the multifocal photopic negative response to B-wave ratio (mfPhNR/B) were measured. Sixty-nine eyes of forty-four glaucoma patients were included and correlations between mfERG parameters and OCT or VF parameters were evaluated. Results: The mean age of patients was 59.4 years. The mean deviation for all eyes obtained with the VF 30-2 and VF 10-2 was -7.00 and -6.31 dB, respectively. Significant correlations between GCC thickness or VF parameter and the N/T were found, especially in the inferior and inforotemporal retinal areas corresponding to superior and superonasal VF sectors (GCC vs N/T; coefficient = -7.916 and -7.857, and MT vs N/T ; coefficient = -4.302 and -4.437, in the inferior and inforotemporal retinal areas, respectively, all p values < 0.05). However, similar associations were not obtained between mfPhNR/B and OCT or VF parameters. The mfPhNR/B only in the inferotemporal sector was significantly correlated with the average thickness of GCC (coefficient = 4.823, P = 0.012). Conclusions: The N/T is better parameter than PhNR/B for the assessment of glaucomatous eyes in the current study’s measurement conditions. A future study modifying the stimuli and amplitudes to obtain the spatial correspondence to OCT and VF measurement will be required to evaluate the value of mfERG.

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Ganglion cell loss in early glaucoma, as assessed by photopic negative response, pattern electroretinogram, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

Cited by 56 publications

References 30 publications

Protective Efficacy of a Dietary Supplement Based on Forskolin, Homotaurine, Spearmint Extract, and Group B Vitamins in a Mouse Model of Optic Nerve Injury

Protective Efficacy of a Dietary Supplement Based on Forskolin, Homotaurine, Spearmint Extract, and Group B Vitamins in a Mouse Model of Optic Nerve Injury

Relationship between structural and functional changes in glaucomatous eyes: A multifocal electroretinogram study

Relationship between structural and functional changes in glaucomatous eyes: A multifocal electroretinogram study

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