Ganglioneuroma as an uncommon cause of adrenal tumor

García, Alberto Titos; Plaza, César Pablo Ramírez; Diéguez, Patricia Ruiz; Camero, Naiara Marín; Santoyo, Julio Santoyo

doi:10.1016/j.endoen.2011.02.005

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…The most frequently involved site for ganglioneuromas is the adrenal glands, representing approximately 30% of cases, followed by the mediastinum, retroperitoneum and neck 5 . Typically these tumours are found incidentally on imaging, but also have been reported in association with genetic disorders such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 and neurofibromatosis type 1 6,7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presentation and outcomes of adrenal ganglioneuromas: A cohort study and a systematic review of literature

Dages

Kohlenberg

Young

et al. 2021

Clinical Endocrinology

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Objective To describe the presentation and outcomes of patients with adrenal ganglioneuromas (AGNs). Design Single‐centre retrospective cohort study (1 January 1995 to 31 December 2019) and systematic review of literature (1 January 1980 to 19 November 2019). Patients Diagnosed with histologically confirmed AGN. Measurements Baseline clinical, imaging and biochemical characteristics, recurrence rates and mortality. Subgroup analysis was performed on tumours with histologic elements of ganglioneuroma and pheochromocytoma (ie composite tumours). Results The cohort study included 45 patients with AGN, 20 (44%) of which had composite tumours. Compared to pure AGN, patients with composite tumour were older (median age, 62.5 vs. 35 years, p < .001), had smaller tumours (median size, 3.9 vs. 5.7 cm, p = .016) and were discovered incidentally less frequently (65% vs. 84%, p = .009). No recurrences or ganglioneuroma‐specific mortality occurred during follow‐up (range, 0–266 months). The systematic review included 14 additional studies and 421 patients. The mean age of diagnosis was 39 years, and 47% were women. AGNs were discovered incidentally in 72% of patients, were predominantly unilateral (99%) and had a mean diameter of 5.8 cm and an unenhanced computed tomography (CT) attenuation of −118 to 49 Hounsfield units (HU). On imaging, 69% of AGNs were homogenous, 41% demonstrated calcifications, and 40% were lobulated. Conclusions AGNs are rare benign tumours that present with variable imaging features including large size, unenhanced CT attenuation >20 HU, calcifications and lobulated shape. Imaging characteristics can assist in establishing a diagnosis and avoiding an unnecessary adrenalectomy. The association of pheochromocytomas with AGNs is frequent. Diagnosis should include biochemical testing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%