Ganglioside composition of the human cranial nerves, with special reference to pathophysiology of Miller Fisher syndrome

High Levels of Anti-Ganglioside Antibodies in Patients with Parkinson?s Disease Associated with Cognitive Decline

“…Several researches reported an increase of anti-GM1 in the sera of patients, who suffered from different types of Parkinson's disease. Zappia et al, reported increased anti-GM1 IgM in tremor-dominant PD-patients [53], though other recent studies demonstrated increased anti-gangliosides in PD patients, emphasizing mostly its association to dyskinesia and depression [54]. However, in our study bradykinetic patients showed increased anti-GM1 IgM compared to tremordominant patients (p=0.0005).…”

“…However, in our study bradykinetic patients showed increased anti-GM1 IgM compared to tremordominant patients (p=0.0005). Further studies demonstrated an increase of anti-GM1 IgM levels in patients with multi-infarct dementia and patients with Parkinson's disease plus dementia but not in non-demented patients with other degenerative disorders [53,55,56]. In our present research anti-GM1 concentrations were also correlated to cognitive decline.…”

“…Ganglioside GQ1b is detected in the nerves of the eye muscles, a fact which may explain the occurrence of optical disorders in Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), which is associated with antibodies against this ganglioside [40]. Anti-GD1b, anti-GQ1b, antiGT1b antibodies bind to the neuromuscular synapses of human extraocular muscles, but not the trunk muscles [41][42][43].…”

A Rare Form of Guillan Barre Syndrome: A Child Diagnosed with AntiGD1a and Anti-GD1b Positive Pharyngeal-Cervical-Brachial Variant

“…In the case of a patient with PCB variant of GBS, anti-GD1a was reported to show lower activity compared to anti-GT1a IgG (6). It was indicated in another study that the lower cranial nerves showed a higher rate of anti-GD1a antibody (14). Thus, it was thought that anti-GD1a in some patients with PCB of GBS caused bulbar palsy.…”

“…(1,3,4). Anti-ganglioside GQ1b antibodies were shown in Fisher syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis (14). A case reported a girl with increased isolated GT1a anti-IgG antibodies and PCB variant of GBS developed after cytomegalovirus infection (13).…”