Ganglioside Molecular Mimicry and Its Pathological Roles in Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Related Diseases

Yu, Robert K.; Usuki, Seigo; Ariga, Toshio

doi:10.1128/iai.00967-06

Cited by 122 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…It is postulated that infected cells can produce ganglioside-like epitopes that trigger the immune response. This mechanism of molecular mimicry has been observed for Campylobacter jejuni with the implication of several gangliosides (GM1, GD1B, and GQ1B) [14] . The implication of antiganglioside GM2 antibodies in the pathogenesis of GBS related to CMV has been described [15] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guillain-Barré syndrome following hepatitis E

Loly¹,

Rikir²,

Seivert³

et al. 2009

WJG

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Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is often triggered by a preceding bacterial or viral infection. Occasionally, it has been observed in association with acute hepatitis A, B and C, and three cases have been previously described in India in which GBS was associated with acute hepatitis E. A molecular mimicry mechanism is supposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of GBS triggered by infectious agents, although the nature of the shared epitopes has not been characterized in most instances, including that in the case of hepatotropic viruses. We report a case of GBS following acute hepatitis E in a European individual. The presence of antiganglioside GM2 antibodies in this patient suggested molecular mimicry involving ganglioside GM2 in the pathogenesis of GBS associated with hepatitis E.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guillain-Barré syndrome following hepatitis E

Loly¹,

Rikir²,

Seivert³

et al. 2009

WJG

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show abstract

“…Among the pathogens that trigger GBS, Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is the most frequent (in 13% to 39% of cases), followed by cytomegalovirus (5% to 22%), EBV (1% to 13%), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (5%) [70]. One of the most documented mechanisms for GBS is the presence of anti-gangliosides antibodies (anti-GM1 and anti-GD1), induced by similarity of these self-proteins with lipo-oligosaccharides present on C. jejuni's LPS [71]. There is also evidence of an association between influenza virus and GBS.…”

Section:  Guillain-barré Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

T cell epitope redundancy: cross-conservation of the TCR face between pathogens and self and its implications for vaccines and autoimmunity

Moise

Beseme

Tassone

et al. 2016

Expert Review of Vaccines

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SummaryT cells are extensively trained on 'self' in the thymus and then move to the periphery, where they seek out and destroy infections and regulate immune response to self-antigens. T cell receptors (TCR) on T cells' surface recognize T cell epitopes, short linear strings of amino acids presented by antigen-presenting cells. Some of these epitopes activate T effectors, while others activate regulatory T cells. It was recently discovered that T cell epitopes that are highly conserved on their TCR face with human genome sequences are often associated with T cells that regulate immune response. These TCR-cross-conserved or 'redundant epitopes' are more common in proteins found in pathogens that have co-evolved with humans than in other noncommensal pathogens. Epitope redundancy might be the link between pathogens and autoimmune disease. This article reviews recently published data and addresses epitope redundancy, the "elephant in the room" for vaccine developers and T cell immunologists.

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“…To our knowledge, screening of antiganglioside antibodies has been performed only in persons presenting with clinical signs of GBS; therefore, the baseline levels of antiganglioside antibodies in the population remain unknown. Although antiganglioside antibodies involved with GBS cannot be treated as a definitive marker for the syndrome, they potentially play a key role in its pathophysiology, and their importance must not be underestimated 3 , 4 , 20 , 22 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 36 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the program was stopped when the H1N1 virus failed to spread, and the usage of the vaccine at Fort Dix, a US Army base in New Jersey, was associated with Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) 1 . Guillain–Barre syndrome is a rare, acute autoimmune disease of the peripheral nervous system that is characterized by rapidly advancing, bilateral, ascending motor neuron paralysis that usually occurs after an acute respiratory or gastrointestinal infection 2 , 3 , 4 . On rare occasions, GBS manifests after vaccination 2 , 3 , 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No evidence of a link between influenza vaccines and Guillain–Barre syndrome–associated antiganglioside antibodies

Wang

Boltz

McElhaney

et al. 2011

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Please cite this paper as: Wang et al. (2011) No evidence of a link between influenza vaccines and Guillain–Barre syndrome–associated antiganglioside antibodies. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(3), 159–166. Background Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by acute, progressive peripheral neuropathy and is commonly associated with the presence of antiganglioside antibodies. Previously, influenza vaccination was linked with the increased incidence of GBS; however, whether antiganglioside antibodies are subsequently induced remains unresolved. Methods Sera from human subjects vaccinated with seasonal influenza vaccines from the 2007–2008, 2008–2009, or 1976–1977 influenza seasons were screened for the induction of immunity to influenza and the presence of antiganglioside antibodies pre‐ and post‐vaccination. Likewise, sera from mice vaccinated with seasonal influenza vaccines (1988–1989, 2007–2008) or “swine flu” pandemic vaccines (1976, 2009) were assessed in the same manner. Viruses were also screened for cross‐reacting ganglioside epitopes. Results Antiganglioside antibodies were found to recognize influenza viruses; this reactivity correlated with virus glycosylation. Antibodies to influenza viruses were detected in human and mouse sera, but the prevalence of antiganglioside antibodies was extremely low. Conclusions Although the correlation between antiganglioside antibody cross‐reactivity and glycosylation of viruses suggests the role of shared carbohydrate epitopes, no correlation was observed between hemagglutinin‐inhibition titers and the induction of antiganglioside antibodies after influenza vaccination.

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Ganglioside Molecular Mimicry and Its Pathological Roles in Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Related Diseases

Cited by 122 publications

References 111 publications

Guillain-Barré syndrome following hepatitis E

Guillain-Barré syndrome following hepatitis E

T cell epitope redundancy: cross-conservation of the TCR face between pathogens and self and its implications for vaccines and autoimmunity

No evidence of a link between influenza vaccines and Guillain–Barre syndrome–associated antiganglioside antibodies

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