Ganoderma lucidum Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Steatosis by Upregulating Energy Metabolizing Enzymes in the Liver

Abstract

Non-alcoholic steatosis is a common health problem worldwide due to altered food habits and life styles, and it is intimately linked with various metabolic disorders. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum (GL) against the development of non-alcoholic steatosis using in vivo and in vitro settings. C57BL/6 mice fed with normal diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD) were administered GL extract or vehicle for 16 weeks. HFD feeding increased serum alanine aminotransferase level and hepatic lipid droplet, but these increases were significantly attenuated by GL. GL inhibited the increases in epididymal and perirenal adipose tissue weights and serum cholesterol and LDL levels in HFD-fed mice. Fasting blood glucose levels were elevated in HFD-fed mice compared to ND-fed mice, and glucose and insulin sensitivities were deteriorated. These changes were markedly improved by GL. GL restored the reduction of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation in the liver of HFD-fed mice, and increased AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells. GL induced GLUT4 protein expression in 3T3-L1 cells. Finally, GL attenuated lipid accumulation induced by free fatty acid in HepG2 cells. Taken together, our results indicate that GL has a potential to improve non-alcoholic steatosis and the associated complicated disorders via the induction of energy metabolizing enzymes.

Supplementation of Abelmoschus manihot Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy and Hepatic Steatosis by Activating Autophagy in Mice

“…The pulverized flowers or leaves (1 g) were extracted with 20 mL of 70% aqueous ethanol at 70 °C for 5 h. This process was repeated twice and the combined extracts were concentrated at 60 °C in a vacuum condenser and lyophilized at −70 °C. The powder and extract preparation was performed by Kye Man Cho under the standard protocol [ 17 ]. The powered extracts were dissolved in distilled water for oral administration.…”

Ganoderma lucidum Extract Reduces Insulin Resistance by Enhancing AMPK Activation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

“…The effects of both leptin and adiponectin in obesity may be mediated by AMPK since their receptor binding can activate AMPK, which inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) [41]. The inactivation of ACC1 reduces the production of malonyl-CoA, a carnitine acyl transferase (CPT1) inhibitor that is important for fatty acid β-oxidation [30]. Thus, increased AMPK activation can enhance β-oxidation and decrease the expression of SREBP1c, a transcription factor involved in lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis.…”

“…Anti-β-actin antibody (A2228) was from Sigma (MO, USA). β-actin wa used as control [30,31]. Immunoreactive signals were detected using an EzWestLumi plus kit (WSE-7120L, Atta, Japan) with X-ray films, and band densitometry was quantified with Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).…”

Arteriosklerose und Koronare Herzerkrankung

“…Er ist quasi der mykotherapeutische "Basispilz", der auch als Adjuvans gesehen wird und daher andere Pilze gut ergänzt. Beim Thema Herz/Kreislauf setzt man auf seine antiarteriosklerotische [13] Reishi könnte auch bei Metabolischem Syndrom, NAFLD und Diabetes ein interessanter Pilz sein [14] [15]. Da ja der Abbau von Bauchfett und eine Regeneration der Fettleber bei vielen Patienten die Basis für die erfolgreiche Therapie darstellen, wird Reishi auch diesbezüglich zunehmend untersucht.…”