Gap Plasmons and Near-Field Enhancement in Closely Packed Sub-10 nm Gap Resonators

Siegfried, Thomas; Ekinci, Yasin; Martin, Olivier J. F.; Sigg, H.

doi:10.1021/nl403030g

Cited by 77 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…[19,34] When the metal nanostrips bounded on two symmetric dielectric layers support the short-range and long-range SPP modes, the dielectric layer embedded in two metal nanostrips supports the gap plasmon (long-range SPP) modes. [37][38][39][40][41][42][43] The SRSP mode is very strongly bound to the metal strips and the LRSP mode is weakly confined to the metal strips. As the consequence, the former is characterized by larger Ohmic losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Plasmonic Cavity Modes in Arrays of Gold Nanotubes

Wang

Zhang

Song

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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Plasmonic structures are known to confine light at the nanometer scale, and they exhibit enhanced electromagnetic fields localized in small mode volumes. Here we study plasmonic resonators based on a metamaterial consisting of periodic arrays of gold nanotubes embedded into anodic aluminum oxide and demonstrate strong confinement of local fields with low losses. We observe higher-order resonance modes of surface plasmons localized in gold nanotubes when the nanotube length exceeds some critical values. Our numerical simulations suggest that for the higher-order modes, the electric fields are mainly localized at the interfaces between aluminum oxide and gold in the form of the standing-wave longitudinal plasmonic modes, partially localized in the pores and at two ends of the nanotubes owing to the strong coupling of the Fabry-Pérot resonances with extraordinary optical transmission in the periodical structures through the inner nanochannels of the nanotubes, so that the nanotubes play a role of efficient cavity resonators. We reveal the existence of hybrid resonant cavity modes with asymmetrical distributions of the electric field resulting from the near-field coupling of both transverse and longitudinal modes in the gold nanotube metamaterials.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Plasmonic Cavity Modes in Arrays of Gold Nanotubes

Wang

Zhang

Song

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…By bringing two or even more of these antennas in close vicinity to each other, the strength of the combined near-field can be further enhanced, forming a so called gap plasmon. This gap plasmon is only present within the confined volume that is formed by the neighboring nanoantennas 3,8 . Nowadays different bottom-up approaches are commonly used to generate size-optimized particles or even pairs of particles with a few nanometer distances [9][10][11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast third-harmonic spectroscopy of single nanoantennas fabricated using helium-ion beam lithography

Kollmann

Esmann

Becker

et al. 2016

Advanced Fabrication Technologies for Micro/Nano Optics and Photonics IX

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Metallic nanoantennas are able to spatially localize far-field electromagnetic waves on a few nanometer length scale in the form of surface plasmon excitations 1-3 . Standard tools for fabricating bowtie and rod antennas with sub-20 nm feature sizes are Electron Beam Lithography or Ga-based Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Milling. These structures, however, often suffer from surface roughness and hence show only a limited optical polarization contrast and therefore a limited electric field localization. Here, we combine Ga-and He-ion based milling (HIM) for the fabrication of gold bowtie and rod antennas with gap sizes of less than 6 nm combined with a high aspect ratio. Using polarization-sensitive Third-Harmonic (TH) spectroscopy, we compare the nonlinear optical properties of single HIM-antennas with sub-6-nm gaps with those produced by standard Ga-based FIB. We find a pronounced enhancement of the total TH intensity of more than three in comparison to Ga-FIB antennas and a highly improved polarization contrast of the TH intensity of 250:1 for Heion produced antennas 4 . These findings combined with Finite-Element Method calculations demonstrate a field enhancement of up to one hundred in the few-nanometer gap of the antenna. This makes He-ion beam milling a highly attractive and promising new tool for the fabrication of plasmonic nanoantennas with few-nanometer feature sizes.

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“…1−3 Metallic nanostructures sustaining plasmonic resonances have been considered as one of the most promising candidates. 5,6 Such remarkable property has been utilized for enhancing various light−maƩer interacƟons at the nanoscale. 5,6 Such remarkable property has been utilized for enhancing various light−maƩer interacƟons at the nanoscale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a process combing interference lithography and angular evaporation has been proposed to precisely restrain the gap size below 10 nm with large area, 6 the delicate control of the metal evaporation angles and thicknesses is nonetheless complex, especially for integration with other functional components. In addition, from the application point of view, such nanostructures should be of low-cost, facile fabrication and processing, large-scale with high-yield of the ultrasmall gaps, and easy for integration with other functional components, which remain hurdles for nowadays nanofabrication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A centimeter-scale sub-10 nm gap plasmonic nanorod array film as a versatile platform for enhancing light–matter interactions

Zhou¹,

Xue²,

Zheng

et al. 2015

Nanoscale

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Strongly coupled plasmonic nanostructures with sub-10 nm gaps can enable intense electric field enhancements which greatly benefit the various light-matter interactions. From the point view of practical applications, such nanostructures should be of low-cost, facile fabrication and processing, large-scale with high-yield of the ultrasmall gaps, and easy for integration with other functional components. However, nowadays techniques for reliable fabrication of these nanostructures usually involve complex, time-consuming, and expensive lithography procedures, which are limited either by their low-throughput or the small areas obtained. On the other hand, so far most of the studies on the sub-10 nm gap nanostructures mainly focused on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering and high-harmonic generations, while leaving other nonlinear optical properties unexplored. In this work, using a scalable process without any lithography procedures, we demonstrated a centimeter-scale ordered plasmonic nanorod array film (PNRAF) with well-defined sub-10 nm interparticle gaps as a versatile platform for strongly enhanced light-matter interactions. Specifically, we showed that due to its plasmon-induced localized electromagnetic field enhancements, the Au PNRAF could exhibit extraordinary intrinsic multi-photon avalanche luminescence (MAPL) and nonlinear saturable absorption (SA). Furthermore, the PNRAF can be easily integrated with semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs) as well as wide bandgap semiconductors to strongly enhance their fluorescence and photocurrent response, respectively. Our method can be easily generalized to nanorod array films consisting of other plasmonic metals and even semiconductor materials, which can have multiple functionalities derived from different materials. Overall, the findings in our study have offered a potential strategy for design and fabrication of nanostructures with ultrasmall gaps for future photonic and optoelectronic applications.

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Gap Plasmons and Near-Field Enhancement in Closely Packed Sub-10 nm Gap Resonators

Cited by 77 publications

References 45 publications

Hybrid Plasmonic Cavity Modes in Arrays of Gold Nanotubes

Hybrid Plasmonic Cavity Modes in Arrays of Gold Nanotubes

Ultrafast third-harmonic spectroscopy of single nanoantennas fabricated using helium-ion beam lithography

A centimeter-scale sub-10 nm gap plasmonic nanorod array film as a versatile platform for enhancing light–matter interactions

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