Garcinia gardneriana (Planchon & Triana) Zappi. (Clusiaceae) as a Topical Anti-inflammatory Alternative for Cutaneous Inflammation

Abstract

Garcinia gardneriana is popularly used in skin disorders; therefore, this article investigated the effect of G. gardneriana extracts from leaves, bark and seeds and two isolated compounds in ear oedema and leucocytes migration caused by croton oil. The topical application of the extract of G. gardneriana leaves was able to reduce (70 € 3%, and ID 50 0.33 mg ⁄ ear) ear oedema, while the seeds (51 € 5%) and the wood (60 € 12%) extracts were less effective. In a time-course evaluation, the leaf extract (1 mg ⁄ ear) was effective when applied 2 hr before and until 3 hr after the stimulation, presenting a higher effectiveness when applied right after croton oil (83 € 7% inhibition). In addition, the leaf extract was able to diminish the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in 64 € 13%, which suggests the inhibition of leucocyte infiltration that was confirmed by histological analysis. Also, both biflavonoids isolated from the leaves of G. gardneriana, fukugetin (or morelloflavone) and 13-naringenin-II 8-eriodictyol (GB-2a), were able to reduce ear oedema, with ID 50 values of 0.18 (0.10-0.28) and 0.22 (0.15-0.31) mg ⁄ ear, respectively, besides the inhibition of MPO activity of 52 € 6% and 64 € 5%, respectively. Using the fluorescent probe 2¢,7¢-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, the leaf extract, fukugetin and GB-2a topically applied to the ear treated with croton oil reduced 52 € 15%, 63 € 17% and 83 € 4%, respectively, the production of reactive oxygen species of the skin. Thus, these results reveal the anti-inflammatory effect of G. gardneriana leaves for topical usage, and both biflavonoids are responsible for this effect.

Topical Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a Monofloral Honey of Mimosa scabrella Provided by Melipona marginata During Winter in Southern Brazil

“…A single investigator performed all ear measurements and biopsies in order to standardize the procedure and reduce experimental error. 31 TPA-induced ear edema. Edema was induced in the right ear by topical application of 2.5 lg/ear of 12-Otetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) dissolved in 20 lL of acetone.…”

Inhibitory effect of GB-2a (I3-naringenin-II8-eriodictyol) on melanogenesis

“…Another attribution that has already demonstrated by Garcinia gardneriana is the antiinflammatory activity of leaves, through topical application, with this effect being associated with GB-2a (Otuki et al, 2011). Taking the full role of GB-2a into consideration, it could, simultaneously, have an anti-inflammatory effect, interfering with melanogenesis biosynthesis.…”

“…1) is one of the biflavonoids isolated from the leaves of Garcinia gardneriana (Botta et al, 1984). This compound is also found in other species such as Garcinia benthamiana, Garcinia brasiliensis, Garcinia madrunno (Botta et al, 1984), Rhus succedanea and Garcinia multiflora (Lin et al, 1997), which are associated with pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antibacterial and antiparasitic (Subeki et al, 2004;Verdi et al, 2004;Castardo et al, 2008;Otuki et al, 2011;Melo et al, 2014). GB-2a per se has shown anti-inflammatory activity in two different animal models and moderate in vitro antiviral activity (Castardo et al, 2008;Otuki et al, 2011;Lin et al, 1997).…”

“…GB-2a per se has shown anti-inflammatory activity in two different animal models and moderate in vitro antiviral activity (Castardo et al, 2008;Otuki et al, 2011;Lin et al, 1997). When topically applied in a mouse model of skin inflammation, GB-2a promoted impairment of leukocyte infiltration and inhibition of reactive oxygen species production (Otuki et al, 2011).…”

Assessment of Augmented Immune Surveillance and Tumor Cell Death by Cytoplasmic Stabilization of p53 as a Chemopreventive Strategy of 3 Promising Medicinal Herbs in Murine 2-Stage Skin Carcinogenesis

“…45 Several studies have also highlighted the role of inflammation in the development of skin tumors in mice after croton oil treatment. 46 However, inflammation is a broad term, and at a particular site like skin, it has both local and peripheral components. The repeated topical application of the promoter on the skin can initiate cellular processes leading to inflammation and can concomitantly recruit circulating neutrophils to the site.…”