Garlic: Allyl Sulfur Compounds and Cancer Prevention

Çetinkaya, Sümeyra; Süntar, İpek

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74035-1_11

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…On the other hand, cancer prevention may involve both genetic and epigenetic processes in addition to hereditary ones. This anticancer effect is known to be mediated by CYP450 [ 75 ]. The angiogenesis process is aided by the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2).…”

Section: Natural Plant Extracts As Cytochrome Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-based capacity of natural cytochrome enzyme inhibitors to increase the effectivity of antineoplastic drugs

Manthalkar

AJAZUDDIN²,

Bhattacharya

2022

Discov Onc

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Cytochrome (CYP) enzymes catalyze the metabolism of numerous exogenous and endogenous substrates in cancer therapy leading to significant drug interactions due to their metabolizing effect. CYP enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of essential anticancer medications. They are shown to be overexpressed in tumor cells at numerous locations in the body. This overexpression could be a result of lifestyle factors, presence of hereditary variants of CYP (Bio individuality) and multi-drug resistance. This finding has sparked an interest in using CYP inhibitors to lower their metabolizing activity as a result facilitating anti-cancer medications to have a therapeutic impact. As a result of the cytotoxic nature of synthetic enzyme inhibitors and the increased prevalence of herbal medication, natural CYP inhibitors have been identified as an excellent way to inhibit overexpression sighting their tendency to show less cytotoxicity, lesser adverse drug reactions and enhanced bioavailability. Nonetheless, their effect of lowering the hindrance caused in chemotherapy due to CYP enzymes remains unexploited to its fullest. It has been observed that there is a substantial decrease in first pass metabolism and increase in intestinal absorption of chemotherapeutic drugs like paclitaxel when administered along with flavonoids which help suppress certain specific cytochrome enzymes which play a role in paclitaxel metabolism. This review elaborates on the role and scope of phytochemicals in primary, secondary and tertiary care and how targeted prevention of cancer could be a breakthrough in the field of chemotherapy and oncology. This opens up a whole new area of research for delivery of these natural inhibitors along with anticancer drugs with the help of liposomes, micelles, nanoparticles, the usage of liquid biopsy analysis, artificial intelligence in medicine, risk assessment tools, multi-omics and multi-parametric analysis. Further, the site of action, mechanisms, metabolites involved, experimental models, doses and observations of two natural compounds, quercetin & thymoquinone, and two plant extracts, liquorice & garlic on CYP enzymes have been summarized. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Natural Plant Extracts As Cytochrome Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-based capacity of natural cytochrome enzyme inhibitors to increase the effectivity of antineoplastic drugs

Manthalkar

AJAZUDDIN²,

Bhattacharya

2022

Discov Onc

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“…porrum (leek) and Allium ascalonicum (shallot) ( 13 , 14 ). Garlic is known as a prebiotic food that is rich in sulfur-containing compounds such as allicin, allian, ajoenes, vinyldithins and flavonoids such as quercetin ( 15 , 16 ). Allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) isolated from garlic extract is a lipid-soluble sulfur and natural food compound with numerous biological and medicinal functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of garlic extract on weight loss and gut microbiota composition in obese women: A double-blind randomized controlled trial

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveFrom a nutritional perspective, garlic extract could be a prebiotic product, which is useful for obese subjects, and one of its health-promoting underlying mechanisms is modulating gut microbiota composition. In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, the goal was to determine the effect of Allium (garlic extract) on anthropometric indices and gut microbiota composition in obese women following a low-calorie diet.Materials and methodsForty-three obese women were randomly divided into garlic extract (400 mg Allium sativum powder containing 1,100 mcg allicin/tablet) or placebo groups. During the 2 months of the study, each participant took two tablets per day. At the beginning and at the end of the clinical trial, anthropometric measurements were done and blood and fecal samples were collected. We evaluated the gut microbiota composition using quantitative real-time PCR.ResultsIn total, 16 subjects in each group completed the 2-month trial. Allium and placebo groups’ participants had mean ages of 37.8 ± 7.4 and 34.2 ± 6.8 years, respectively (P > 0.05). Baseline body mass index (BMI) was significantly different between groups, subjects in the placebo group had lower BMI compared with the Allium group (P < 0.05). Allium and placebo caused a 1.7% and 2.7% decrease in BMI from the baseline values, respectively (P < 0.01). Fasting insulin level significantly decreased in the both groups (P < 0.01). Level of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) has decreased significantly in the Allium group (P = 0.007). The frequency of Akkermansia had decreasing trend while the abundance of Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium showed increasing trend in the Allium group.ConclusionIn the both groups, a decrease in BMI and other anthropometric indices has been observed. Despite weight loss after following a low-calorie diet and taking Allium, slight changes have been shown in the composition of gut microbiota in obese women.Trial registrationThis trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) (code: IRCT090420001825N2).

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Garlic: Allyl Sulfur Compounds and Cancer Prevention

Cited by 2 publications

References 159 publications

Evidence-based capacity of natural cytochrome enzyme inhibitors to increase the effectivity of antineoplastic drugs

Evidence-based capacity of natural cytochrome enzyme inhibitors to increase the effectivity of antineoplastic drugs

Effect of garlic extract on weight loss and gut microbiota composition in obese women: A double-blind randomized controlled trial

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