Gas Array Sensors based on Electronic Nose for Detection of Tuna (Euthynnus Affinis) Contaminated by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Abstract

Background: Fish is a food ingredient that is consumed throughout the world. When fishes die, their freshness begins to decrease. The freshness of the fish can be determined by the aroma it produces. The purpose of this study is to monitor the odor of fish using a collection of gas sensors that can detect distinct odors. Methods: The sensor was tested with three kinds of samples, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa, tuna, and tuna that was contaminated with P. aeruginosa bacteria. During the process of collecting sensor data, all samples were placed in a vacuum so that the gas or aroma produced was not contaminated with other aromas. Eight sensors were used which were designed and implemented in an electronic nose (E-nose) device that can withstand aroma. The data collection process was carried out for 48 h, with an interval of 6 h for each data collection. Data processing was performed by using the principal component analysis and support vector machine (SVM) methods to obtain a plot score visualization and classification and to determine the aroma pattern of the fish. Results: The results of this study indicate that the E-nose system is able to smell fish based on the hour with 95% of the cumulative variance of the main component in the classification test between fresh tuna and tuna fish contaminated with P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: The SVM classifier was able to classify the healthy and unhealthy fish with an accuracy of 99%. The sensors that provided the highest response are the TGS 825 and TGS 826 sensors.

Sensor Array System Based on Electronic Nose to Detect Borax in Meatballs with Artificial Neural Network

“…In this case, the artifcial neural network multilayer perceptron (ANN-MLP) algorithm is used for odor classifcation. Tis sensor combination detects various gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may be present in food samples, which can aid in determining the presence of contaminants such as borax, which on recent study successfully detected germ in food substance [23]. Tus, in this study, data analysis combines both PCA and ANN methods [24], resulting in a robust and accurate classifcation of odors and potential contaminants in food samples.…”