Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric studies of synthetic and naturally occurring ceramides

Samuelsson, Karin; Samuelsson, Bengt

doi:10.1016/0009-3084(70)90009-5

Cited by 53 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, this did not give any information about the possible combination of both moieties. Samuelsson and Samuelsson [49] described in great detail the GC/MS analysis of intact ceramides, still relying on the technique of gas liquid chromatography in packed columns as available at that time. In order to bring the ceramides into a volatile form it was necessary to obtain the trimethylsilyl derivatives.…”

Section: Gc and Gc/msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the analysis of Stratum corneum ceramides

Raith

Farwanah

Wartewig

et al. 2004

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Progress in the analysis of Stratum corneum ceramidesThe stratum corneum with its unique structure of corneocytes and intercellular lipid lamellae enables a protection of human and other mammalian skin against transepidermal water loss and harmful substances from the environment. Among these lipids, ceramides play a key role. Several skin disorders such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and others show a disturbed barrier function, which can be linked in part to a changed ceramide pattern. Research in dermatology and cosmetic industry requires the use of analytical methods to characterize ceramides. However, the amazing variability of ceramide structures found in stratum corneum makes their analysis a challenge. This is to our knowledge the first review that deals with ceramide analysis. It is focused on stratum corneum ceramides which show much more complexity than intracellular ceramides known to be signal transducers. After a short summary of lipid extraction methods, we discuss the following set of methods: thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, HPLC, LC/MS, mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. It will be lined out which information about structure, concentration or physical state is available by means of each particular method. Although the focus is clearly on stratum corneum ceramides, some methods of general skin lipid analysis and structure analysis of sphingolipids are also discussed when appropriate.

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Section: Gc and Gc/msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the analysis of Stratum corneum ceramides

Raith

Farwanah

Wartewig

et al. 2004

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…Ceramide molecular species can be determined following hydrolysis and analysis of the liberated and derivatized sphingoid bases by means of HPLC (15,(43)(44)(45)(46) and fatty acids by means of GC (47) or GC/MS (48). New quantitative analyses of ceramide molecular species have been developed and are based on HPLC or RPHPLC separation of their fluorescent analogs prepared after derivatization with anthroyl cyanide (36), benzoyl chloride (37), or benzoic anhydride (34).…”

Section: Ceramide and Dg Quantitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Ceramides and Diglycerides by the Diglyceride Kinase Assay

Bielawska

Perry

Hannun

2001

Analytical Biochemistry

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“…These experiments revealed both the intact molecular ion, and fragment ions, which could be used to differentiate SL isomers [31, 32]. It is interesting to note that these species had to be converted into either trimethylsilyl [33] or permethyl ethers in order to decrease their polarity, thereby increasing their volatility for analysis in the gas phase.…”

Section: Sphingolipid Analysis Via Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of mammalian sphingolipids by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and tissue imaging mass spectrometry (TIMS)

Sullards

Liu

Chen

et al. 2011

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

126

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Sphingolipids are a highly diverse category of molecules that serve not only as components of biological structures but also as regulators of numerous cell functions. Because so many of the structural features of sphingolipids give rise to their biological activity, there is a need for comprehensive or “sphingolipidomic” methods for identification and quantitation of as many individual subspecies as possible. This review defines sphingolipids as a class, briefly discusses classical methods for their analysis, and focuses primarily on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and tissue imaging mass spectrometry (TIMS). Recently, a set of evolving and expanding methods have been developed and rigorously validated for the extraction, identification, separation, and quantitation of sphingolipids by LC-MS/MS. Quantitation of these biomolecules is made possible via the use of an internal standard cocktail. The compounds that can be readily analyzed are free long-chain (sphingoid) bases, sphingoid base 1-phosphates, and more complex species such as ceramides, ceramide 1-phosphates, sphingomyelins, mono- and di-hexosylceramides sulfatides, and novel compounds such as the 1-deoxy- and 1-(deoxymethyl)-sphingoid bases and their N-acyl-derivatives. These methods can be altered slightly to separate and quantitate isomeric species such as glucosyl/galactosylceramide. Because these techniques require the extraction of sphingolipids from their native environment, any information regarding their localization in histological slices is lost. Therefore, this review also describes methods for TIMS. This technique has been shown to be a powerful tool to determine the localization of individual molecular species of sphingolipids directly from tissue slices.

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Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric studies of synthetic and naturally occurring ceramides

Cited by 53 publications

References 35 publications

Progress in the analysis of Stratum corneum ceramides

Progress in the analysis of Stratum corneum ceramides

Determination of Ceramides and Diglycerides by the Diglyceride Kinase Assay

Analysis of mammalian sphingolipids by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and tissue imaging mass spectrometry (TIMS)

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