Gas Chromatographic Determination of Sulfur Mustard and Lewisite in Community Air

Stan'kov, I. N.; Sergeeva, A. A.; Sitnikov, V. B.; Derevyagina, I. D.; Morozova, O. T.; Mylova, S. N.; Forov, V. B.

doi:10.1023/b:janc.0000026236.07340.1b

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…3,4 Many analytical methods have been developed for the detection of the active chemical constituents of chemical weapons, chemical weapon agents (CWAs), and their breakdown products in soil, [5][6][7][8][9] groundwater, 10,11 and air. 12 GC/MS has been favored in the past owing to its suitability for the analysis of volatile, thermally stable agents and its general reliability, 11,13 whereas LC-MS is often the favored method for analysis of breakdown products 8,[14][15][16][17][18] and has the advantage over GC/MS of not requiring sample pretreatment. 6,19 Another spectrometric method commonly employed for agent detection is ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), and hand-held monitors currently used by the military for direct agent vapor detection such as the improved chemical agent monitor 20 are of this type.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of Chemical Weapon Agents and Simulants Using Chemical Ionization Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2007

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Chemical ionization reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CIR-TOF-MS) has been used for the analysis of prepared mixtures of chemical weapon agents (CWAs) sarin and sulfur mustard. Detection of the CWA simulants 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, triethyl phosphate, and dimethyl methyl phosphonate has also been investigated. Chemical ionization of all the agents and simulants was shown to be possible using the CIR-TOF-MS technique with a variety of reagent ions, and the sensitivity was optimized by variation of instrument parameters. The ionization process was found to be largely unaffected by sample humidity levels, demonstrating the potential suitability of the method to a range of environmental conditions, including the analysis of CWAs in air and in the breath of exposed individuals.

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confidence: 99%

Detection of Chemical Weapon Agents and Simulants Using Chemical Ionization Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2007

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“…Detection and identification methods for CWAs, their degradation products and related compounds have been thoroughly reviewed with different emphases on a number of occasions 1–7. Many previous method developments were driven by the requirements of the military and their need to be able to detect and identify these compounds in typical battlefield samples, including, soil,8–11 water,10, 12–15 air,16, 17 munitions or munition blocks,9, 18 and clothing 8, 9. Newer methods based on solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) sampling followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis19–23 and direct analysis by secondary ion mass spectrometry24 have been reported for environmental analyses, but most literature methods have been based on analysis of sample extracts by GC/MS 8–18…”

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confidence: 99%

Desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric analysis of chemical warfare agents from solid‐phase microextraction fibers

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Chenier

Hancock

et al. 2007

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) was recently reported for the direct analysis of sample media without the need for additional sample handling. During the present study, direct analysis of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers by DESI-MS/MS was evaluated with indoor office media that might be collected during a forensic investigation, including wall surfaces, office fabrics, paper products and Dacron swabs used for liquid sampling. Media spiked at the mg/g level with purified chemical warfare agents and a complex munitions grade sample of tabun, to simulate the quality of chemical warfare agent that might be used for terrorist purposes, were successfully analysed by DESI-MS/MS. Sulfur mustard, a compound that has not been successfully analysed by electrospray mass spectrometry in the past, was also sampled using a SPME fiber and analysed for the first time by DESI-MS/MS. Finally, the overall analytical approach involving SPME headspace sampling and DESI-MS analysis was evaluated during a scenario-based training live agent exercise. A sarin sample collected by the military was analysed and confirmed by DESI-MS in a mobile laboratory under realistic field conditions. Copyright # 2007 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The ending of the Cold War and the widespread acceptance of the Chemical Weapons Convention have reduced the likelihood of battlefield chemical weapons use, but there remains a serious concern worldwide that other parties may make use of chemical warfare agents against civilian or military targets. Sarin, a well-known nerve agent, was used by the Aum Shinrikyo sect in Japan in 1995 during an attack on the Tokyo underground transit system, during which twelve people were killed and thousands more were injured. Public concern about the use of chemical or biological warfare agents reached a new peak following the al-Qaeda terrorist attacks of September 2001 and the subsequent delivery of anthrax letters in Washington DC. These events heightened security concerns within many countries and considerable resources have been expended to improve both field-and laboratory-based detection and identification methods for chemical warfare agents (CWAs).Detection and identification methods for CWAs, their degradation products and related compounds have been thoroughly reviewed with different emphases on a number of occasions. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Many previous method developments were driven by the requirements of the military and their need to be able to detect and identify these compounds in typical battlefield samples, including, soil, [8][9][10][11] water, 10,12-15 air, 16,17 munitions or munition blocks, 9,18 and clothing. 8,9 Newer methods based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) sampling followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis [19][20][21][22][23] and direct analysis by secondary ion mass spectrometry 24 have been reported for environmental analyses, but most literature methods have been based on analysis of sample ...

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“…Therefore, in the previously developed methods for the determination of lewisite [2][3][4] in samples of water, soil, construction materials, and air based on its conversion into acetylene, lewisite was determined together with the products of its oxidation and hydrolysis, which also react with a 30% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide yielding acetylene.…”

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Gas-Chromatographic Separate Determination of Trace β-Chlorovinylarsonous Dichloroanhydride (Lewisite) and Anhydride (Lewisite Oxide) in Soil and Construction Materials

et al. 2005

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A method was proposed for the separate gas-chromatographic determination of β -chlorovinylarsonous dichloroanhydride (lewisite) and anhydride (lewisite oxide) in samples of soil and construction materials. Because of the absence of regulations for the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of lewisite and lewisite oxide in construction materials (concrete, bricks, facing tile, etc.), the MPC level of lewisite in soil (0.1 mg/kg) was taken as the maximum permissible concentration in the development of the method for their determination in the above samples. The method is based on the solid-liquid extraction converting lewisite and lewisite oxide into components that can be separated at the stage of blowing-out the extractant in an inert gas flow and their subsequent conversion into acetylene with a 30% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and the chromatography of the vapor phase with flame-ionization detection. The error in the determination is no larger than ± 20 rel %. The time of analysis is within 1.5 h.

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Gas Chromatographic Determination of Sulfur Mustard and Lewisite in Community Air

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Detection of Chemical Weapon Agents and Simulants Using Chemical Ionization Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Detection of Chemical Weapon Agents and Simulants Using Chemical Ionization Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric analysis of chemical warfare agents from solid‐phase microextraction fibers

Gas-Chromatographic Separate Determination of Trace β-Chlorovinylarsonous Dichloroanhydride (Lewisite) and Anhydride (Lewisite Oxide) in Soil and Construction Materials

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