Gas chromatographic study of degradation phenomena concerning building and cultural heritage materials

Metaxa, E.; Agelakopoulou, T.; Bassiotis, I.; Karagianni, Ch.-S.; Roubani‐Kalantzopoulou, F.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.08.114

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This work falls within the scope of the investigation of degradation phenomena concerning building and cultural heritage materials, focused its attention on studying the degradation-conservation of two marble statues of Greek Archaeological Museum, that of Kavala near Salonica. It should be noted that a part of results from this research has recently been published in the same journal [21]. The examined systems are the following: C 2 H 6 /(SO 2 )/L291 Statue of Kavala, C 2 H 4 /(SO 2 )/L291 Statue of Kavala, C 2 H 2 /(SO 2 )/L291 Statue of Kavala, C 2 H 6 /(SO 2 )/L351 Statue of Kavala, C 2 H 4 /(SO 2 )/L351 Statue of Kavala, C 2 H 2 /(SO 2 )/L351 Statue of Kavala.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Air pollution effect of SO2 and/or aliphatic hydrocarbons on marble statues in Archaeological Museums

Agelakopoulou¹,

Metaxa²,

Karagianni³

et al. 2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Air pollution effect of SO2 and/or aliphatic hydrocarbons on marble statues in Archaeological Museums

Agelakopoulou¹,

Metaxa²,

Karagianni³

et al. 2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Their chemical composition varies from one site to another. Physical and chemical weatherings have been largely investigated [4,5], but, only a limited amount of knowledge is available regarding the organic compounds present on the surface layer [3,6,7] material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical method, pattern and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the stone of the Temples of Agrigento (Italy)

Orecchio¹

2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…2. From the series of the sample peaks obtained under various conditions, several physicochemical quantities have been determined and published (Agelakopoulou et al, 2009;Arvanitopoulou et al, 1994;Bakaoukas et al, 2005;Floropoulou et al, 2009;Katsanos et al, 1998Katsanos et al, ,2003Katsanos et al, ,2004Metaxa et al, 2009aMetaxa et al, ,2009bMetaxa et al, ,2009cRoubani-Kalantzopoulou, 2004,2009Roubani-Kalantzopoulou et al, 1996;Sotiropoulou et al, 1995). The sample peaks are predicted theoretically by the so-called chromatographic sampling equation 1, which describes the concentration-time curve of the sample peaks created by the flow reversals and has been derived using mass balances, rates of change, etc., and integrating the resulting partial differential equations under given initial and boundary conditions.…”

Section: The Novel Methods Of Rf-igc: Physical Description and Experimmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where: m is the molecular mass of the adsorbate; k is the Boltzmann's constant; h the Planck's constant; and the ratio u s (T)/b g (T) of two partition functions, namely that of the adsorbed molecule, u s (T), and that for rotations-vibrations in the gas phase b g (T). This ratio is taken as a unity, approximately, as was done before (Agelakopoulou et al, 2009;Arvanitopoulou et al, 1994;Bakaoukas et al, 2005;Floropoulou et al, 2009;Katsanos et al, 1998Katsanos et al, ,2003Katsanos et al, ,2004Metaxa et al, 2009aMetaxa et al, ,2009bMetaxa et al, ,2009cRoubani-Kalantzopoulou, 2004,2009Roubani-Kalantzopoulou et al, 1996;Sotiropoulou et al, 1995). The contribution of lateral molecular interactions in the overall phenomenon of adsorption and desorption is taken into account, by correcting Eq.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that although the majority of the reported results regards experiments done at relatively low temperatures, where physisorption is more expected, the structural materials of samples used (e.g., statues from Museums) are energetically upgraded, as a consequence of the whole process they have been undergone from the moment of their natural formation until the moment of their use as materials for creating statues. Thus, in the presence of an aggressive environment a chemisorption process is favorable; by means of RF-IGC experiments, chemisorption is observed taking place in the beginning of the experiments (Agelakopoulou et al, 2009;Floropoulou et al, 2009;Katsanos et al, 1998Katsanos et al, ,2003Katsanos et al, ,2004Metaxa et al, 2009aMetaxa et al, ,2009bMetaxa et al, ,2009cRoubani-Kalantzopoulou, 2004,2009. Furthermore, any kind of adsorption process (chemisorption or/and physisorption) takes place in different extent, because of the development of molecular lateral interactions (attractive or/and repulsive) between the adsorbed species, in addition to the adsorbent-adsorbate interactions, the latter being the predominant type of forces characterizing chemisorption.…”

Section: The Local Character Of Adsorption In Materials Decay: Chemismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Air Pollution and Cultural Heritage: Searching for “The Relation Between Cause and Effect”

Metaxa¹

2011

Monitoring, Control and Effects of Air Pollution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pollution of the natural environment is largely unintended and unwanted consequences of human activities in manufacturing, transportation, agriculture and waste disposal. High levels of pollution are largely a consequence of industrialization, urbanization and the rapid increase of human population in modern times. Pollutants are commonly classified according to the part of the environment primarily effected by them, either by air, water or land. Sub-grouping depends on characteristics of the pollutants themselves: chemical, physical, thermal and others. Many pollutants affect more than one resource. The substances that pollute the atmosphere are either gases, finely divided soils, or finely dispersed liquids aerosols. Five major classes of pollutants are discharged into the air: carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and particulates (dust, ash). The principle source of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels, e.g., coal, oil and derivatives of the latter, such as gasoline, in internal combustion engines or for heating or industrial purposes. The term heritage was used for first time from experts in the early seventies, to declare all the human creation with artistic features, which have been delivered to us as hereditary asset, namely as heritage. At the end of the same decade, the term heritage acquired collective sense and it was used to talk about European Heritage or later about Universal Heritage; in any case to indicate monuments, objects and places. If in a sense culture is the evolution of human life in space and time, the "monumentsremnants" of the human creation of all the times form the prints, the signs, the evidences, the strides of the human-beings progress within the time: "past narrates its history…". Thus, monuments form an undivided entirety with time and place, with man, his surroundings and his history. These unique and unprecedented fingerprints of human civilization form the natural and cultural heritage of a place, of a country, of a people, the peculiar features of a nation which characterize its identity. Cultural heritage is continuously undergoing numerical strains: anthropogenic and natural ones, from which the former can be anticipated or/and prevented, whereas the latter not. The result of these strains is the deterioration of all the materials. In fact, there is no material which is not to be downgraded. The Second Law of Thermodynamics inevitably intervenes and finally results in the deterioration of all the materials. For this reason, materials' deterioration is independent, in practice, on their surroundings and it is taking place in any environment, even without the direct contact of the materials with the constituents of a www.intechopen.com Monitoring, Control and Effects of Air Pollution 154 corrosive environment. Of course, the environment impacts quantitatively the deterioration or corrosion phenomenon taking place, by means of the impact on the rate of the deterioration process(es) and the kind of the produced substances. Air pollution as an ...

show abstract

Gas chromatographic study of degradation phenomena concerning building and cultural heritage materials

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Air pollution effect of SO2 and/or aliphatic hydrocarbons on marble statues in Archaeological Museums

Air pollution effect of SO2 and/or aliphatic hydrocarbons on marble statues in Archaeological Museums

Analytical method, pattern and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the stone of the Temples of Agrigento (Italy)

Air Pollution and Cultural Heritage: Searching for “The Relation Between Cause and Effect”

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About