Gas chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric analysis of clenbuterol residues in faeces

Batjoens, Peter; Courtheyn, D.; Brabander, H.F. De; Vercammen, Jan; Wasch, Katia De; Logghe, Maureen

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(96)00465-7

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Although methods used to extract and quantitate b-agonists have been described in recent publications (Abou-Basha and AboulEnein, 1996;Girault and Fourtillan, 1990;Sangiorgi and Curatolo, 1997;Kingston et al, 1995;Blanchflower et al, 1993;Garcia-Regueiro et al, 1993;Batjoens et al, 1996;Gigosos et al, 1996;Wilson et al, 1994), quantitation of clenbuterol in biological fluids still remains a challenge. This is, in part, due to the close proximity of the two halogen atoms to the amino and hydroxyl functional groups of the clenbuterol molecule, rendering efficient derivatization for the GC-MS quantitation difficult (Abukhalaf et al, 1999).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Some of these reports, however, utilize GC-MS-MS systems which are not commonly available in many laboratories (Garcia-Regueiro et al, 1993;Kingston et al, 1995;Batjoens et al, 1996). Additionally, methods utilizing electron impact GC-MS systems with silylation and/or acetylation derivatization reactions were unable to generate ions with sufficient intensity other than the m/z 86 (Branum et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis for the identification and quantitation of clenbuterol has been reported (Blanchflower et al, 1993;Garcia-Regueiro et al, 1993;Kingston et al, 1995;Batjoens et al, 1996). Some of these reports, however, utilize GC-MS-MS systems which are not commonly available in many laboratories (Garcia-Regueiro et al, 1993;Kingston et al, 1995;Batjoens et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…These methods range from enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Girault and Fourtillan, 1990;Blanchflower et al, 1993;Garcia-Regueiro et al, 1993;Wilson et al, 1994;Kingston et al, 1995;Batjoens et al, 1996;Gigosos et al, 1996;Abou-Basha and Aboul-Enen,1996;Sangiorgi and Curatolo, 1997). Because of the cross reactivity of antibodies to a variety of similar b-agonists and some steroid structures, radio immunoassay (RIA) and EIA methods do not provide absolute specificity of the b-agonists present in a biological sample, hence the need for a confirmatory method of greater specificity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comparative analytical quantitation of clenbuterol in biological matrices using GC-MS and EIA

Abukhalaf

Deutsch

Parks

et al. 2000

Biomed. Chromatogr.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparative analytical quantitation of clenbuterol in biological matrices using GC-MS and EIA

Abukhalaf

Deutsch

Parks

et al. 2000

Biomed. Chromatogr.

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“…In this situation the matrix and the chemical background can easily interfere, leading to possible misinterpretations. To overcome these difficulties, some alternatives are introduced by employing two different derivatizing agents 9 or two different ion sources 10 or by performing the analysis in the MS/MS mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive chemical ionization and tandem mass spectrometric fragmentation for the gas chromatographic analysis of β ‐agonists using the ion trap technique

Biancotto

Angeletti

Traldi³

et al. 1999

J. Mass Spectrom.

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Development of a routine method for the simultaneous confirmation and determination of clenbuterol in urine by minimal labeling isotope pattern deconvolution and GC-EI-MS

et al. 2012

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A novel and fast routine method for the simultaneous determination and confirmation of clenbuterol in bovine and human urine samples by gas chromatography electron ionization mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) has been developed. The method employs isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and is based on a combination of minimal labeling (a single (13)C label in the molecule) and isotope pattern deconvolution (IPD). This new methodology does not require the construction of a methodological calibration graph, and was compared with the classical IDMS procedure employed in clenbuterol analysis based on the use of a deuterated compound as internal standard (d(9)-clenbuterol) and a calibration curve. The sample preparation consists of simple extraction with dichloromethane, which was dried and derivatized with chloro(chloromethyl)dimethylsilane, generating a cyclic dimethylsilamorpholine (DMS) derivative suitable for GC(EI)MS detection and identification. This compound produces five intense ions in the electron ionization source, which allow the presence of clenbuterol to be confirmed in just one analysis, as demanded by European Union directives. The accuracy of the method was studied by performing recovery experiments at different concentration levels (from 0.3 to 5 ng g(-1)) in 5 mL bovine urine samples using two labeled compounds: an in-house-synthesized (13)C(1)-clenbuterol and a commercially available d(9)-clenbuterol. The detection limit of the method in human urine was 0.050 ng g(-1) with a sample volume of 10 mL, and is thus suitable for antidoping control purposes. Finally, the (13)C(1)-clenbuterol standard was employed for the determination of clenbuterol in two reference materials, BCR-503 and BCR-504 (lyophilized bovine urine). The concentrations obtained were in agreement with the certified values, with a reproducibility of below 1% RSD.

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Gas chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric analysis of clenbuterol residues in faeces

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Comparative analytical quantitation of clenbuterol in biological matrices using GC-MS and EIA

Comparative analytical quantitation of clenbuterol in biological matrices using GC-MS and EIA

Positive chemical ionization and tandem mass spectrometric fragmentation for the gas chromatographic analysis of β ‐agonists using the ion trap technique

Development of a routine method for the simultaneous confirmation and determination of clenbuterol in urine by minimal labeling isotope pattern deconvolution and GC-EI-MS

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