Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of alkylphenols in cod (Gadus morhua) tissues as pentafluorobenzoate derivatives

Meier, Sonnich; Klungsøyr, Jarle; Boitsov, Stepan; Eide, Torunn; Svardal, Asbjørn

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.11.041

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The 4-nonylphenol that was found in some, but not all, samples in quantifiable amounts (see Table 4) is thought to originate from sources other than produced water, due to the omnipresence of nonylphenols in the laboratory environment (Meier et al, 2005).…”

Section: Quantitative Analysis: Regular Volume Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of estrogen-like alkylphenols in produced water from offshore oil installations

Boitsov

Mjøs

Meier

2007

Marine Environmental Research

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Section: Quantitative Analysis: Regular Volume Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two GPC columns from Waters (Envirogel GPC cleanup 19 mm · 300 mm) were used, coupled together using Gilson 232 autoinjector as a switch vent. The setup and cleanup procedure are described in more detail elsewhere (Meier et al, 2005). The elution was performed with DCM at a flow rate of 5 ml/min.…”

Section: Gpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of estrogen-like alkylphenols in produced water from offshore oil installations

Boitsov

Mjøs

Meier

2007

Marine Environmental Research

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“…The uptake of APs into fish tissue was measured at three different time points: yolk sack larvae from Experiment 2A were analysed at 3 dph (after 22 days of exposure to PW, E 2 , or clean seawater); early juveniles from Experiment 2A were analysed at 71 dph (after 90 days of exposure); and late juveniles from Experiment 2B were analysed directly following the 78 day exposure period detailed above. The concentrations of 52 APs were measured in the water and in the fish tissue according to previously published methods (Boitsov et al, 2004;Meier et al, 2005). Concentrations of PAHs present in the PW and in the exposure tanks were also measured according to previously published methods (Boitsov et al, 2004), except that PAH standards labelled with stable isotopes were used in addition to the internal AP standard.…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Water and Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to produced water during early life stages: Effects on embryos, larvae, and juvenile fish

Meier

Morton

Nyhammer

et al. 2010

Marine Environmental Research

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Produced water (PW) contains numerous toxic compounds of natural origin, such as dispersed oil, metals, alkylphenols (APs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In addition, PW also contains many different chemicals which have been added during the oil production process. In the study described here, cod were exposed to real PW collected from an oil production platform in the North Sea. This was done in order to best recreate the most realistic field-exposure regime in which fish will be affected by a wide range of chemicals. The biological effects found in this study therefore cannot be assigned to one group of chemicals alone, but are the result of exposure to the complex chemical mixture found in real PW. Since APs are well known to cause endocrine disruption in marine organisms, we focused our chemical analysis on APs in an attempt to better understand the long-term effects of APs from PW on the biology of fish. In this study, cod were exposed to several concentrations of real PW and 17β-oestradiol (E(2)), a natural oestrogen, at different developmental stages. Cod were exposed to PW either during the embryo and early larvae stage (up to 3 months of age) or during the early juvenile stage (from 3 to 6 months of age). Results showed that, in general, APs bioconcentrate in fish tissue in a dose and developmental stage dependent manner during PW exposure. However, juveniles appeared able to effectively metabolise the short chain APs. Importantly, PW exposure had no effect on embryo survival or hatching success. However, 1% PW clearly interfered with the development of normal larval pigmentation. After hatching most of the larvae exposed to 1% PW failed to begin feeding and died of starvation. This inability to feed may be linked to the increased incidence of jaw deformities seen in these larvae. In addition, cod exposed to 1% PW, had significantly higher levels of the biomarkers vitellogenin and CYP1A in plasma and liver, respectively. No similar effects were seen in cod exposed to either 0.1% or 0.01% PW.

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“…They concluded that pentafluorobenzoyl bromide (PFBBr) was selective to phenolic hydroxyl groups, but that the final solution contains many by‐products. However, PFBBr has been used to simultaneously determine OPs, NPs, and BPA in water (Boitsov et al, 2004; Boitsov, Mjos, & Meier, 2007) and in biological samples such as biota (Meier et al, 2005), urine, and human serum (Yoshimura et al, 2002; Kuklenyik et al, 2003). Other pentafluoro reagents such as pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA) have been used to derivatize nonylphenol isomers and BPA to determine them in sediments (Peng et al, 2006) and to determine BPA and TBBPA in human serum (Dirtu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Gas Chromatography–mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, for heptafluorobutyric acid (HFB) derivatives, the dominating ions are [COC 3 F 6 ] − ( m / z 178) and [OCOC 3 F 6 ] − ( m / z 194), which correspond to the derivatizing agent. Consequently, no specific identification is possible (Wahlberg, Renberg, & Wideqvist, 1990; Kuch & Ballschmiter, 2001; Meier et al, 2005). Methane is the most commonly used reagent gas in NICI, but other gases have also been employed.…”

Section: Gas Chromatography–mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in mass spectrometry analysis of phenolic endocrine disruptors and related compounds

Gallart-Ayala

Moyano

Galcerán

2009

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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This article reviews recent literature on current methodologies based on chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to analyze phenolic compounds with endocrine-disrupting capabilities. For this review we chose alkylphenol ethoxylates, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and their degradation products and halogenated derivatives, which are considered important environmental contaminants. Additionally, some related compounds such as bisphenol diglycidylethers were included. Growing attention has been paid to the mass spectrometric characterization of these compounds and the instrumentation and strategies used for their quantification and confirmation. The current use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methodologies with different mass spectrometers and ionization and monitoring modes is discussed. Practical aspects with regards to the use of these analytical techniques, such as derivatizing reagents in GC-MS, ion suppression in LC-MS, and the most problematic aspects of quantification, are included in the discussion.

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Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of alkylphenols in cod (Gadus morhua) tissues as pentafluorobenzoate derivatives

Cited by 35 publications

References 73 publications

Identification of estrogen-like alkylphenols in produced water from offshore oil installations

Identification of estrogen-like alkylphenols in produced water from offshore oil installations

Development of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to produced water during early life stages: Effects on embryos, larvae, and juvenile fish

Recent advances in mass spectrometry analysis of phenolic endocrine disruptors and related compounds

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