Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Metabolite Profiling of Japanese Black Cattle Naturally Contaminated with Zearalenone and Sterigmatocystin

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic profile of cattle fed with or without zearalenone (ZEN) and sterigmatocystin (STC)-contaminated diets using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics approach. Urinary samples were collected from individual animals (n = 6 per herd) from fattening female Japanese Black (JB) cattle herds (23 months old, 550–600 kg). Herd 1 had persistently high urinary ZEN and STC concentrations due to the presence of contaminated rice straw. Herd 2, the second female JB fattening herd (23 months old, 550–600 kg), received the same dietary feed as Herd 1, with non-contaminated rice straw. Urine samples were collected from Herd 1, two weeks after the contaminated rice straw was replaced with uncontaminated rice straw (Herd 1N). Identified metabolites were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and ANOVA. The PCA revealed that the effects on cattle metabolites depended on ZEN and STC concentrations. The contamination of cattle feed with multiple mycotoxins may alter systemic metabolic processes, including metabolites associated with ATP generation, amino acids, glycine-conjugates, organic acids, and purine bases. The results obtained from Herd 1N indicate that a two-week remedy period was not sufficient to improve the levels of urinary metabolites, suggesting that chronic contamination with mycotoxins may have long-term harmful effects on the systemic metabolism of cattle.

Differences in the serum metabolome profile of dairy cows according to the BHB concentration revealed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR)

“…Methylsuccinate, significantly increased in Group G2, has been previously related to ketotic conditions 38 , probably in relation to acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity in the β-oxidation of fatty acids 39 . In accordance with the studies of 40 and 41 , high values of methylsuccinate in urine can be related to genetic disorders such as acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies.…”

Biological System Responses of Dairy Cows to Aflatoxin B1 Exposure Revealed with Metabolomic Changes in Multiple Biofluids

“…Similar studies have shown that T-2 toxin disrupts the normal metabolic processing of energy and nutrient substrates, and changes the lipids and proteins in different organs and organelles. These metabolic processes involve pathways of molecular metabolism and modification, such as deacetylation, hydroxylation, and oxidation [ 20 , 52 ]. Therefore, mycotoxins are likely to affect various energy- and nutrient-directed metabolic processes in the body [ 2 , 7 , 53 ].…”

“…In this research, the increased lactate concentration in the rumen fluid after AFB1 exposure suggested shifts in both the cori and krebs cycles in response to changes in energy substrates [ 61 ]. A previous report indicated that biochemical parameters in the blood and urine can be used as reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress when different animals are fed diets contaminated with mycotoxins [ 2 , 20 , 72 ]. We also found significant differences in several serum oxidative biomarkers, such as SOD, T-AOC, and etc.…”

“…These studies suggest that the concentrations of metabolites present in milk can reflect the dairy cow’s performance under various circumstances. In this way, not only can the quality of dairy products be evaluated by measuring the levels of various metabolites in secreted biofluids, but the physiological or pathological conditions of the dairy cows can also be determined [ 6 , 16 , 20 ]. These methods have also been used in mycotoxin research.…”

UntargetedGC‐MSmetabolomics reveals metabolic differences in the Chinese mitten‐hand crab (Eriocheir sinensis) fed with dietary palm oil or olive oil

“…It can be routinely used to detect many nonpolar compounds such as fatty acids and sterols (Prenni et al, 2013;Tachibana, 2014). More important, GC-MSbased metabolomics analysis can provide an understanding of the metabolism of different dietary components such as dietary oils in farmed animals, including fish and crustaceans (Ma et al, 2017;Metzler-Zebeli, Ertl, Klein, & Zebeli, 2015;Saleem et al, 2012;Sun, Wang, Wang, Liu, & Liu, 2017;Sun et al, 2015;Toda et al, 2017).…”