Gas chromatography of indium in macroscopic and carrier-free amounts using quartz and gold as stationary phases

Abstract

Summary. The chemical investigation of E113 is likely to become soon feasible. The determination of chemical properties of carrier-free amounts of the lighter homologues of element 113, especially indium and thallium, allows designing experimental set-ups and selecting experimental conditions suitable for performing these studies. Here, we present investigations of the interaction of indium species with quartz and gold surfaces. Deposition temperatures as well as enthalpies of adsorption were determined for indium T dep = 739 ± 20• C (−∆H ads (In) = 227 ± 10 kJ mol −1 ) and for indium hydroxide T dep = 250 ± 20• C (−∆H ads (InOH) = 124 ± 10 kJ mol −1 ) respectively, on quartz. In case of adsorption of indium on a gold surface only a lower limit of the deposition temperature was established T dep > 980• C (−∆H ads (In) ≥ 315 ± 10 kJ mol −1 ). Investigations of macroscopic amounts of indium in thermosublimation experiments at similar experimental conditions were instrumental to establish a tentative speciation of the observed indium species.

Chemical studies of elements with Z⩾ 104 in gas phase

“…the standard sublimation enthalpy ΔH subl for a variety of elements [122,123]. This correlation was updated with the most recently measured data for the adsorption of single atomic species on gold [124][125][126] and is shown in Figure 29. Thus, the macroscopic volatility expressed as its standard sublimation enthalpy can be deduced from this correlation using the Table for group 12 are preserved (see Figure 30, [3] ) as already suggested in 1976 [97].…”

A comparative study of molecular hydroxides of element 113 (I) and its possible analogs: Ab initio electronic structure calculations

“…At the same time, a stark difference between a superheavy element and its immediate light homologue may challenge such approach. For instance, the experimentally measured adsorption enthalpy for Tl atoms on a gold surface, −∆H Au ads (Tl) = 2.8 ± 0.1 eV [10], differs dramatically from the corresponding estimates for E113, probably rendering useless the model experiments with the formal homologue of E113 [10,11].…”

Adsorption of the astatine species on a gold surface: A relativistic density functional theory study

“…However, the question arises, whether these results hold for adsorptions at high temperatures. According to available experimental data, the adsorption temperatures for Tl and In on a gold surface are 858 • C and 980 • C, respectively [12,28]. Meanwhile, the corresponding temperature for At lies at a somewhat lower level of only 387 • C [15], which make these predictions possibly more trustworthy.…”