Gas exchange patterns of bumble bee foragers before and after exposing to lowered temperature

Karise, Reet; Kuusik, Aare; Mänd, Marika; Metspalu, L.; Williams, I. H.; Hiiesaar, K.; Luik, Anne; Muljar, Riin; Liiv, K.

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.05.017

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In the control group, we observed a clear decrease in metabolic rate and such decrease was expected since the mobility of the bumble bee worker was restricted (Zafeiridou and Theophilidis 2006;Karise et al 2010). In contrast, with all powder treatments (kaolin, Prestop-Mix, BotaniGard and wheat flour), the metabolic rate remained unchanged or even slightly increased in some individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…During the C phase, water loss occurs only through the insect's cuticle. As not all bumble bees displayed DGE at 18°C as was noted earlier also by Karise et al (2010), only three individuals of each treatment were used in the analyses of cuticular and respiratory water loss rate. The mean amounts of H 2 O lost during three consecutive C?F (cuticular water loss) and O (total water loss) phases were measured.…”

Section: Treatment Of Bumble Beesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sublethal effects of kaolin and the biopesticides Prestop-Mix and BotaniGard on metabolic rate, water loss and longevity in bumble bees (Bombus terrestris)

et al. 2015

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Kaolin is an inert material with a broad range of applications, e.g. as an insecticide and as a filling substance in the formulation of biopesticides. Hence, bees that dispense biopesticides to the field in the context of entomovectoring are exposed to elevated risks because of sideeffects of those products. Here, we investigated with use of bumble bee workers of Bombus terrestris L. the lethal and sublethal effects of (i) pure kaolin, (ii) the biofungicide Prestop-Mix containing the parasitic fungus Gliocladium catenulatum and kaolin and (iii) the bioinsecticide BotaniGard containing the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and compared with wheat flour powder that we considered safe for bumble bees. As the most important result, treatment with kaolin increased the cuticular water loss and reduced the survival of treated bumble bees, while Prestop-Mix had no negative effect on longevity. BotaniGard caused mortality in the bumble bees because of the entomopathogenic spores it contained. In conclusion, our data indicated that substances used as 'inert materials' and in biocontrol agents which are used in IPM and organic farming systems may bring higher risks to bumble bees used in entomovector technology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Treatment Of Bumble Beesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal effects of kaolin and the biopesticides Prestop-Mix and BotaniGard on metabolic rate, water loss and longevity in bumble bees (Bombus terrestris)

et al. 2015

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“…They are hidden behind dense filter structures composed of ramified trichomes. Therefore the influence of the valves on gas exchange was deduced from the CO 2 output measured by flowthrough experiments (Kestler, 1985;Lighton, 1988;Hetz et al, 1994), partly with cannulation to specified spiracles or compartments of the body (Wasserthal, 2001;Duncan and Byrne, 2002), by thermographic-anemometric (Wasserthal, 1981;Slama, 1988) and volumetric-manometric measurements of expired or consumed air (Jõgar et al, 2007;Karise et al, 2010;Jõgar et al, 2011). A more immediate influence of the spiracles on the gas exchange was revealed by intra-tracheal pressure recordings (Brockway and Schneiderman, 1967;Kestler, 1985;Hetz et al, 1994) and oxygen uptake (Hetz et al, 1994;Wobschall and Hetz, 2004;Matthews and White, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic heartbeat reversals cause cardiogenic inspiration and expiration with coupled spiracle leakage in resting blowfliesCalliphora vicinaR.-D.

Wasserthal

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Respiration in insects is thought to be independent of the circulatory system because insects typically lack respiratory pigments and because oxygen transport occurs in the gaseous phase through a ramified tracheal system by diffusion and convection directly to the tissues. In the blowfly, as in other insects with periodic heartbeat reversal, the haemolymph is periodically shifted between the anterior body and abdomen, exerting alternating pressure changes on the compliant tracheae in the thorax and in the abdomen. Simultaneous pressure and O 2 optode measurements show that, during negative pressure periods, the tracheal partial pressure of oxygen (P O2 ) increases by 0.5 kPa. In the quiescent fly, tracheal P O2 is rather high (17.5-18.9 kPa), although the thoracic spiracles remain constricted. Microscopic video recordings and reflectance measurements revealed that the dorsal soft edges of the valve lips of the second spiracle leave a very small leak, which is passively widened during backward pulses of the heart. Thus, negative pressure, combined with increased leakage of the spiracle Sp2 valve enable inspiration in the thorax. The positive pressure periods are correlated with a new type of convective CO 2 micro-bursts as shown in flow-through measurements. The bulk of the CO 2 is, however, released after longer interbursts in macro-bursts with actively opening valves reminiscent of the open phase in a cyclic gas exchange. When the valves open, the P O2 in the thoracic air sacs unexpectedly drops by a mean of 2.75±1.09 kPa, suggesting a displacement of O 2 by the transient accumulation of CO 2 in the tracheal system before its release.

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“…The level of the output voltage reflected the vigour of the muscular contractions of the insect (Hetz, 1994;Hetz et al, 1999;Mänd et al, 2005;Karise et al, 2010;Kivimägi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Flow-through Respirometry and Ir-actographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas exchange patterns in Platynus assimilis (Coleoptera: Carabidae): Respiratory failure induced by a pyrethroid

Kivimägi¹,

Kuusik²,

Ploomi³

et al. 2013

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Discontinuous gas exchange (DGE) is the main (23 individuals) breathing mode in resting adult Platynus assimilis. Few of the beetles tested (13 individuals) displayed a pattern of cyclic gas exchange or CGE. The burst of CO2 release in DGE and CGE was always accompanied by abdominal pumping (active ventilation or V). Seven individuals displayed a pattern of continuous respiration, characterized by regular abdominal pumping. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) in continuously breathing beetles was higher than in those using DGE and CGE. After treatment with sub-lethal doses of alpha-cypermethrin DGE ceased. Treated beetles were characterized by continuous pumping and almost regular periods of activity. RMR increased significantly after treatment with a pyrethroid.

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Gas exchange patterns of bumble bee foragers before and after exposing to lowered temperature

Cited by 17 publications

References 50 publications

Sublethal effects of kaolin and the biopesticides Prestop-Mix and BotaniGard on metabolic rate, water loss and longevity in bumble bees (Bombus terrestris)

Sublethal effects of kaolin and the biopesticides Prestop-Mix and BotaniGard on metabolic rate, water loss and longevity in bumble bees (Bombus terrestris)

Periodic heartbeat reversals cause cardiogenic inspiration and expiration with coupled spiracle leakage in resting blowfliesCalliphora vicinaR.-D.

Gas exchange patterns in Platynus assimilis (Coleoptera: Carabidae): Respiratory failure induced by a pyrethroid

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