Gas geochemistry of the Cordón Caulle geothermal system, Southern Chile

Sepúlveda, Fabián; Lahsen, Alfredo; Powell, Thomas S.

doi:10.1016/j.geothermics.2007.05.001

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Changes in the hydrothermal systems in silicic calderas can also explain ground deformation signals (Hurwitz et al, ). However, we consider that neither the 2012–2015 nor the 2016–2017 inflation can be explained by these processes because the hydrothermal system depth of ∼2–3 km (Sepulveda et al, , ) is much shallower than the inflation sources. It is possible that some of the ground deformation might be buffered by the hydrothermal system with lower shear modulus than the surrounding rock, but detailed constraints on the subsurface elastic structure are not available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Renewed Posteruptive Uplift Following the 2011–2012 Rhyolitic Eruption of Cordón Caulle (Southern Andes, Chile): Evidence for Transient Episodes of Magma Reservoir Recharge During 2012–2018

et al. 2018

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The VEI 4 rhyolitic eruption of Cordón Caulle volcano in 2011–2012 was immediately followed by ∼0.77 m of exponentially decaying uplift during 2012–2015. In this study, we present evidence of additional transient pulses of inflation with interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series during 2016–2018. We also assess whether the 2012–2015 uplift can be explained by viscoelastic relaxation or not. InSAR detected ∼12 cm of uplift during 2016–2017 and ∼5 cm during 2017–2018. The three inflation episodes have very similar spatial scales and can be modeled with the same inflating sill (z ∼ 6 km), but their time evolution is significantly different. Numerical models of a pressurized reservoir surrounded by a viscoelastic shell do not have a better fit than a magma injection model to the 2012–2015 InSAR time series, indicating that magma injection is the most likely mechanism to explain this uplift signal. The spatial similarities of the three pulses suggest that they are produced by episodic magma injection. These magma injection pulses provide the heat to remobilize the crystal mush beneath the volcano on timescales of a few months, but the end of the uplift is not predicted by existing models. None of these uplift pulses were related to abnormal seismicity, and we speculate that they are mostly aseismic because they caused stresses of lower magnitude than the coeruptive stresses. The meter scale displacement observed at Cordón Caulle between 2007 and 2018 suggests that the volcano undergoes episodic cycles of inflation like those observed in silicic calderas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Renewed Posteruptive Uplift Following the 2011–2012 Rhyolitic Eruption of Cordón Caulle (Southern Andes, Chile): Evidence for Transient Episodes of Magma Reservoir Recharge During 2012–2018

et al. 2018

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“…The latter might complicate longer-term ground monitoring, as signals might be undetected unless instruments are deployed 1921-1922, 1960, and 2011-2012 eruptions from geological observations [Lara et al, 2006b;Singer et al, 2008;Castro et al, 2013;Jay et al, 2014]. The red polygon is the hypothetical mush zone (which could be a collection of discrete, connected reservoirs instead of a large, interconnected zone) likely surrounded by a viscoelastic shell (orange polygon), the light blue and blue polygons are the inferred magma intrusions during 2007-2011 and 2012-2015, respectively, and the green polygon is the hydrothermal system beneath the volcano [Sepulveda et al, 2007;Sepulveda et al, 2004]. Blue stars show the location of the historical eruptive vents, black stars are earthquakes beneath the volcano, horizontal lines with open triangles show the graben bounding faults [Lara et al, 2006a], and LOFZ is the Liquiñe-Ofqui regional fault zone that crosses the volcano [Lara et al, 2006a;Cembrano and Lara, 2009].…”

Section: 1002/2016gl070066mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid reinflation following the 2011–2012 rhyodacite eruption at Cordón Caulle volcano (Southern Andes) imaged by InSAR: Evidence for magma reservoir refill

Delgado

Pritchard

Basualto³

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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Cordón Caulle is a large fissural volcano that has erupted rhyodacitic magma of the same composition in its past three historical eruptions in 1921, 1960, and 2011–2012. There was significant ground deformation observed before and during the 2011–2012 eruption—here we use C and X band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series results to document posteruptive uplift up to 0.8 m between March 2012 and May 2015, with line‐of‐sight rates up to 45 cm/yr that have been largely aseismic, along with subsidence in the 2011–2012 lava flow. The 2012 uplift rate is one of the largest for silicic systems and was likely produced by the intrusion of ~0.125 km3 of magma in the same tectonically controlled plumbing system that has been active during the historical eruptions. Nevertheless, the uplift ended before the reservoir refilled with the erupted volume, maybe due to a change in the pressure gradient produced by the 2011–2012 eruption.

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“…The B CO2 and B CH4 values at different temperatures are calculated on the basis of the solubility data of Wilhelm et al (1977) using the polynomial equations reported by Sepulveda et al (2007). At equilibrium, the relation between the log(CH 4 /CO 2 ) L values and thermodynamic conditions can be obtained by inserting Eq.…”

Section: Fluid Source Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of fluid geochemistry at the Turrialba volcano (Costa Rica) from 1998 to 2008

Vaselli

Tassi

Duarte³

et al. 2010

Bull Volcanol

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Gas geochemistry of the Cordón Caulle geothermal system, Southern Chile

Cited by 26 publications

References 50 publications

Renewed Posteruptive Uplift Following the 2011–2012 Rhyolitic Eruption of Cordón Caulle (Southern Andes, Chile): Evidence for Transient Episodes of Magma Reservoir Recharge During 2012–2018

Renewed Posteruptive Uplift Following the 2011–2012 Rhyolitic Eruption of Cordón Caulle (Southern Andes, Chile): Evidence for Transient Episodes of Magma Reservoir Recharge During 2012–2018

Rapid reinflation following the 2011–2012 rhyodacite eruption at Cordón Caulle volcano (Southern Andes) imaged by InSAR: Evidence for magma reservoir refill

Evolution of fluid geochemistry at the Turrialba volcano (Costa Rica) from 1998 to 2008

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