Gas hydrate formation probability and growth rate as a function of kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) concentration

Lim, Vincent W.S.; Metaxas, Peter J.; Stanwix, Paul L.; Johns, Michael L.; Haandrikman, G.; Crosby, Daniel; Aman, Zachary M.; May, Eric F.

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.124177

Cited by 57 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This agreement suggests a negligible measurable influence from the NaCl on formation onset kinetics (consistent with that seen for THF hydrates at a similar NaCl loading [33]). Consistent with previous studies [10,13], in the presence of the KHI, we identify both a narrowing of the subcooling distribution and a shift to higher mean subcooling at formation onset: hydrates form at lower temperatures and thus at conditions that are further within the hydrate equilibrium region in p-T plane. The subcooling distribution obtained for 2 wt% KHI is bimodal due to differences in the base-line nucleation rates of separate cells that become resolvable with the reduced stochasticity caused by the KHIs (a similar bimodality was also observed by Lim et al [13]).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Consistent with previous studies [10,13], in the presence of the KHI, we identify both a narrowing of the subcooling distribution and a shift to higher mean subcooling at formation onset: hydrates form at lower temperatures and thus at conditions that are further within the hydrate equilibrium region in p-T plane. The subcooling distribution obtained for 2 wt% KHI is bimodal due to differences in the base-line nucleation rates of separate cells that become resolvable with the reduced stochasticity caused by the KHIs (a similar bimodality was also observed by Lim et al [13]). The data in Figure 4 reveal that diminishing returns are obtained in terms of subcooling enhancement when the KHI loading is increased from 1 wt% to 2 wt%.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…previously [13,25]. Each cell has a hexagonal external cross-section and an internal cylindrical well with radius 1.2 cm and depth 2.4 cm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, they delay the onset of hydrate formation and inhibit hydrate growth (when system conditions are within the hydrate stability region, as shown in Figure 1) (e.g. [7,[10][11][12][13][14]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Fidelity Evaluation of Hybrid Gas Hydrate Inhibition Strategies

et al. 2020

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In subsea oil and gas production, a transition away from complete gas hydrate avoidance to riskbased hydrate management has the potential to offer cost savings and improved viability for new developments. Rigorous characterization of hydrate formation probability (via the measurement of statistically significant numbers of independent hydrate formation events) represents a critical step towards accurate quantification of hydrate blockage risk. Such characterization is especially pertinent when deploying low dosage kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) which, unlike thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors (THIs), affect hydrate formation kinetics rather than thermodynamic stability envelopes. Here we demonstrate the use of a 2nd generation, Peltiercooled, high pressure, stirred, automated lag time apparatus (HPS-ALTA) to efficiently measure hydrate formation under conditions simulating a methane dominant natural gas asset. Over 2,500 hydrate formation events were measured using a low salt content brine, enabling the production of smooth, high resolution hydrate probability distributions in the presence of three inhibitor chemical additives and combinations thereof (a corrosion inhibitor, a KHI and a conventional THI). Beyond enabling rapid, high fidelity testing of potential inhibitor interactions, the results explicitly demonstrate the ability to effectively manipulate formation probability boundaries via a 2 combination of thermodynamic and kinetic inhibition effects. Such hybrid inhibition strategies can be used to achieve long induction times at operationally relevant formation temperatures (over 2 days at 2.5 °C in this study) and may be more beneficial and/or cost-effective than strategies focused on complete hydrate avoidance.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…previously [13,25]. Each cell has a hexagonal external cross-section and an internal cylindrical well with radius 1.2 cm and depth 2.4 cm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Fidelity Evaluation of Hybrid Gas Hydrate Inhibition Strategies

et al. 2020

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“…An increase in the concentration of the inhibitor increases the contribution of these processes. The data of work [ 44 ] indicate that the effect of the inhibitor Luvicap 55W (copolymer of N-vinyl caprolactam and N-vinyl pyrrolidone) is not associated with adsorption onto nucleation sites. The data obtained on the dielectric behavior of the systems under consideration speak in favor of the involvement of the inhibitor in hydrogen bonding, which disrupts the local ordering of water molecules and prevents hydrate formation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Study of Gas Hydrates by Dielectric Spectroscopy

et al. 2021

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The influence of kinetic hydrate inhibitors on the process of natural gas hydrate nucleation was studied using the method of dielectric spectroscopy. The processes of gas hydrate formation and decomposition were monitored using the temperature dependence of the real component of the dielectric constant ε′(T). Analysis of the relaxation times τ and activation energy ΔE of the dielectric relaxation process revealed the inhibitor was involved in hydrogen bonding and the disruption of the local structures of water molecules.

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Dual‐Purpose Kinetic Hydrate and Corrosion Inhibitors

ul-haq¹

2022

Polymeric Corrosion Inhibitors for Greening the Chemical and Petrochemical Industry

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Gas hydrate formation probability and growth rate as a function of kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) concentration

Cited by 57 publications

References 44 publications

High-Fidelity Evaluation of Hybrid Gas Hydrate Inhibition Strategies

High-Fidelity Evaluation of Hybrid Gas Hydrate Inhibition Strategies

Advances in the Study of Gas Hydrates by Dielectric Spectroscopy

Dual‐Purpose Kinetic Hydrate and Corrosion Inhibitors

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