Gas Hydrates

Thakur, Naveen; Rajput, Sanjeev

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14234-5_3

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Gas hydrate systems are widely distributed throughout permafrost regions and continental margin sediments (Hester et al, ; Kvenvolden, ; Kvenvolden & Lorensen, ; Thakur & Rajput, ). Based on the widespread distribution of natural gas hydrates on a global scale and the enrichment ability of hydrocarbon gases (for example, 1 m 3 of gas hydrate can release 164 m 3 of methane at STP; Sloan, ) in these hydrates, they are estimated to contain approximately 15 GtC of recoverable resources worldwide (Boswell & Collett, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of hydrate can contain larger gas molecules, such as ethane, propane and higher hydrocarbons, which mainly originate from thermogenic gas sources. Finally, sH, which is rarely found in nature, consists of 34 water molecules, one large (5 12 6 8 ) cage, two medium (4 3 5 6 6 3 ) cages, and three small (5 12 ) cages (Hesselbo et al, ; Thakur & Rajput, ). This type was discovered and directly measured in the Gulf of Mexico and in Barkley Canyon (Hester et al, ; Lu et al, ; Sassen & Macdonald, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Raman Detection of Gas Hydrates Exposed on the Seafloor of the South China Sea

Zhang

Luan

et al. 2017

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Gas hydrates are usually buried in sediments. Here we report the first discovery of gas hydrates exposed on the seafloor of the South China Sea. The in situ chemical compositions and cage structures of these hydrates were measured at the depth of 1,130 m below sea level using a Raman insertion probe (RiP‐Gh) that was carried and controlled by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Faxian. This in situ analytical technique can avoid the physical and chemical changes associated with the transport of samples from the deep sea to the surface. Natural gas hydrate samples were analyzed at two sites. The in situ spectra suggest that the newly formed hydrate was Structure I but contains a small amount of C3H8 and H2S. Pure gas spectra of CH4, C3H8, and H2S were also observed at the SCS‐SGH02 site. These data represent the first in situ proof that free gas can be trapped within the hydrate fabric during rapid hydrate formation. We provide the first in situ confirmation of the hydrate growth model for the early stages of formation of crystalline hydrates in a methane‐rich seafloor environment. Our work demonstrates that natural hydrate deposits, particularly those in the early stages of formation, are not monolithic single structures but instead exhibit significant small‐scale heterogeneities due to inclusions of free gas and the surrounding seawater, there inclusions also serve as indicators of the likely hydrate formation mechanism. These data also reinforce the importance of correlating visual and in situ measurements when characterizing a sampling site.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Raman Detection of Gas Hydrates Exposed on the Seafloor of the South China Sea

Zhang

Luan

et al. 2017

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…The existing technologies for identifying the gas hydrate deposits are based on using the properties of hydrates and hydrate-saturated rocks. The most widely used method is standard and high-frequency seismology, according to data of which, the position of the lower boundary of hydrate-saturated rocks is determined with an availability of free gas under the hydrate-saturated strata -Bottom Simulation Reflector (BSR) boundary (Thakur & Rajput, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Peculiarities of geological and thermobaric conditions for the gas hydrate deposits occurence in the Black Sea and the prospects for their development

Bondarenko¹,

Sai²,

Petlovanyi³

2019

Journ. Geol., Geogr., and Geoec..

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The actuality has been revealed of the necessity to attract the gas hydrate depos- its of the Black Sea into industrial development as an alternative to traditional gas fields. This should be preceded by the identification and synthesis of geological and thermobaric peculiarities of their existence. It was noted that the gas hydrates formation occurs under certain thermobaric conditions, with the availability of a gas hydrate-forming agent, which is capable of hydrate formation, as well as a sufficient amount of water necessary to start the crystallization process. The gas hydrate accumulation typically does not occur in free space – in sea water, but in the massif of the sea bed rocks. The important role in the process of natural gas hydrates formation is assigned to thermobaric parameters, as well as to the properties and features of the geological environment, in which, actually, the process of hydrate formation and further hydrate accumulation occurs. It was noted that the source of formation and accumulation of the Black Sea gas hydrates is mainly catagenetic (deep) gas, but diagenetic gas also takes part in the process of gas hydrate deposits formation. The main component of natural gas hydrate deposits is methane and its homologs – ethane, propane, isobutane. The analysis has been made of geological and geophysical data and literature materials devoted to the study of the offshore area and the bottom of the Black Sea, as well as to the identification of gas hydrate deposits. It was established that in the offshore area the gas hydrate deposits with a heterogeneous structure dominate, that is, which comprises a certain proportion of aluminosilicate inclusions. It was noted that theBlack Sea bottom sediments, beginning with the depths of 500 – 600 m, are gassy with methane, and a large sea part is favourable for hydrate formation at temperatures of +8...+9oC and pressures from 7 to 20 MPa at different depths. The characteristics of gas hydrate deposits are provided, as well as requirements and aspects with regard to their industrialization and development. It is recommended to use the method of thermal influence on gas hydrate deposits, since, from an ecological point of view, it is the safest method which does not require additional water resources for its implementation, because water intake is carried out directly from the upper sea layers. A new classification of gas hydrate deposits with a heterogeneous structure has been developed, which is based on the content of rocks inclusions in gas hydrate, the classification feature of which is the amount of heat spent on the dissociation process.

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Halotolerant Life in Feast or Famine: Organic Sources of Hydrocarbons and Fixers of Metals

Warren

2016

Evaporites

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Gas Hydrates

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

In Situ Raman Detection of Gas Hydrates Exposed on the Seafloor of the South China Sea

In Situ Raman Detection of Gas Hydrates Exposed on the Seafloor of the South China Sea

Peculiarities of geological and thermobaric conditions for the gas hydrate deposits occurence in the Black Sea and the prospects for their development

Halotolerant Life in Feast or Famine: Organic Sources of Hydrocarbons and Fixers of Metals

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