Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy as a potential tool in neonatal respiratory care

Abstract

Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) is a novel optical technology employing near-infrared light. It has a potential use in the medical setting as a monitoring and diagnostic tool by detecting molecular oxygen within gas pockets and thus may be a useful adjunct in respiratory monitoring. GASMAS has potential advantages over other monitoring devices currently used in clinical practice. It is a non-invasive, continuous, non-ionising technology and provides unique information about molecular oxygen content inside the lungs. GASMAS may have a future role in optimising respiratory management of neonates in different clinical scenarios such as monitoring cardiorespiratory transition in the delivery room, assessing surfactant deficiency, and optimising endotracheal tube positioning. This article aims to summarise current evidence exploring GASMAS application in a neonate, discuss possible clinical benefits, and compare with other devices that are currently used in neonatal care. Impact This article presents a novel optical technique to measure lung oxygen concentrations that may have important clinical uses. This review summarises the current literature investigating the concept of optical lung oxygen measurement. Information from this review can guide researchers in future studies.

A moisture detection sensor for flour based on the gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy

“…[23][24][25][26][27][28] Due to its noninvasive, fast response time, and high sensitivity, it has potential applications in the food industry, [29][30][31][32] pharmaceutical sectors, 33,34 and biomedical fields. 35,36 However, pathlength determination for gas is a challenge due to the strong laser scattering in porous media. 37 Persson et al 38 obtained the path length by simultaneously monitoring gas with known concentration of water vapor, but underestimated it when the saturation conditions of water vapor were not met.…”

“…Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) as an essential component of laser technology gives rise to the possibility of performing various gas detection tasks 23–28 . Due to its noninvasive, fast response time, and high sensitivity, it has potential applications in the food industry, 29–32 pharmaceutical sectors, 33,34 and biomedical fields 35,36 . However, pathlength determination for gas is a challenge due to the strong laser scattering in porous media 37 .…”

“…Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) as an essential component of laser technology, gives rise to the possibility to perform various gas detection tasks. Since GASMAS was applied to observe the process of oxygen infiltration into polystyrene foam in 2001 (Sjoholm et al 2001), numerous applications of GASMAS have been reported, for example, the food industry, the pharmaceutical sector (Svensson et al 2007, Johansson et al 2021, the biomedical field (Larsson et al 2019, Panaviene et al 2022, and Al 2 O 3 aerogels (Yang et al 2014). In the food industry, GASMAS is employed for non-invasive measurement of oxygen content within fruits, evaluating gas exchange in intact and sliced fruits, assessing gas exchange in fruits with and without packaging (Persson et al 2006), measuring oxygen molecules within fruit tissues to monitor the ripening process of fruits (Zhang et al 2014), measuring internal gas pressure in apples dynamically during the process of recovering from vacuum to atmospheric pressure (Tylewicz et al 2011), and detecting oxygen content inside bread packaging and at the top of milk cartons (Zhang et al 2016).…”