Gas-induced friction and diffusion of rigid rotors

Martinetz, Lukas; Hornberger, Klaus; Stickler, Benjamin A.

doi:10.1103/physreve.97.052112

Cited by 48 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…The equilibrium phase lag φ eq between d and E is expected to increase with the pressure P , as the drag from the gas increases. In the molecular flow regime, the damping coefficient, β, can be written as β = k P , where k is a constant that depends on the geometry of the MS, as well as the temperature and species of residual gas [43,44]. The argument to the arcsin in Eq.…”

Section: Drag From Residual Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fit reports k = (4.1 ± 0.6) × 10 −25 m 3 s, assuming d = 127 ± 14 e·µ m. This is consistent with the value k = 3.4 × 10 −25 m 3 s predicted in Refs. [43,44] for a 2.35-µm-radius MS in thermal equilibrium with 300 K N 2 gas. No evidence for increased dissipation due to an elevated MS temperature or surface roughness is observed.…”

Section: Drag From Residual Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrically driven, optically levitated microscopic rotors

et al. 2019

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We report on the electrically driven rotation of 2.4-µm-radius, optically levitated dielectric microspheres. Electric fields are used to apply torques to a microsphere's permanent electric dipole moment, while angular displacement is measured by detecting the change in polarization state of light transmitted through the microsphere (MS). This technique enables greater control than previously achieved with purely optical means because the direction and magnitude of the electric torque can be set arbitrarily. We measure the spin-down of a microsphere released from a rotating electric field, the harmonic motion of the dipole relative to the instantaneous direction of the field, and the phase lag between the driving electric field and the dipole moment of the MS due to drag from residual gas. We also observe the gyroscopic precession of the MS when the axis of rotation of the driving field and the angular momentum of the microsphere are orthogonal. These observations are in quantitative agreement with the equation of motion. The control offered by the electrical drive enables precise measurements of microsphere properties and torque as well as a method for addressing the direction of angular momentum for an optically levitated particle. arXiv:1812.09625v3 [physics.optics]

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Section: Drag From Residual Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drag From Residual Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically driven, optically levitated microscopic rotors

et al. 2019

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“…For the full description of the translational damping rate of the motion of a cylinder, see ref. [194]. From the above discussion it is clear that the susceptibility of an anisotropic particle depends upon its alignment in a linearly polarized light field 1 .…”

Section: Librational Optomechanicsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Optomechanics with levitated particles

et al. 2020

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Optomechanics is concerned with the use of light to control mechanical objects. As a field, it has been hugely successful in the production of precise and novel sensors, the development of low-dissipation nanomechanical devices, and the manipulation of quantum signals. Micro-and nano-particles levitated in optical fields act as nanoscale oscillators, making them excellent lowdissipation optomechanical objects, with minimal thermal contact to the environment when operating in vacuum. Levitated optomechanics is seen as the most promising route for studying high-mass quantum physics, with the promise of creating macroscopically separated superposition states at masses of 10 6 amu and above. Optical feedback, both using active monitoring or the passive interaction with an optical cavity, can be used to cool the centre-of-mass of levitated nanoparticles well below 1 mK, paving the way to operation in the quantum regime. In addition, trapped mesoscopic particles are the paradigmatic system for studying nanoscale stochastic processes, and have already demonstrated their utility in state-of-the-art force sensing. * Electronic address: james.millen@kcl.ac.uk arXiv:1907.08198v1 [physics.optics] 18 Jul 2019It is a pleasant coincidence, that whilst writing this review the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 was jointly awarded to the American scientist Arthur Ashkin, for his development of optical tweezers. By focusing a beam of light, small objects can be manipulated through radiation pressure and/or gradient forces. This technology is now available offthe-shelf due to its applicability in the bio-and medical-sciences, where it has found utility in studying cells and other microscopic entities.The pleasant coincidences continue, when one notes that the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Weiss, Thorne and Barish for their work on the LIGO gravitational wave detector. This amazingly precise experiment is, ultimately, an optomechanical device, where the position of a mechanical oscillator is monitored via its coupling to an optical cavity. The field of optomechanics is in the ascendency [1], showing great promise in the development of quantum technologies and force sensing. These applications are somewhat limited by unavoidable energy dissipation and thermal loading at the nanoscale [2], which despite impressive progress in soft-clamping technology [3] means that these technologies will likely always operate in cryogenic environments.Enter the work of Ashkin: he showed that dielectric particles could be levitated and cooled under vacuum conditions in 1977 [4]. By levitating particles at low pressures, they naturally decouple from the thermal environment, and since the mechanical mode is the centre-of-mass motion of a particle, energy dissipation via strain vanishes. The field of levitated optomechanics really took off in 2010, when three independent proposals illustrated that levitated nanoparticles could be coupled to optical cavities [5][6][7]. This promises cooling to the quantum regime, and state engineering once you are t...

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“…The scattering of gas particles on the system leads to the system decoherence. Such a situation takes place in all vacuum experiments because of the presence of a background gas, e.g., in levitated optomechanics [39,44], ion traps [45,46], and atom interferometers [47]. Finding the specific form of the generator L and determining the relaxation rates is an important timely problem for the control and manipulation [48][49][50] of quantum systems in the presence of a background gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum master equations for a system interacting with a quantum gas in the low-density limit and for the semiclassical collision model

2020

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A quantum system interacting with a diluted gas experiences the irreversible dynamics. The corresponding master equation can be derived within two different approaches: the fully quantum description in the low-density limit and the semiclassical collision model, where the motion of gas particles is classical whereas their internal degrees of freedom are quantum. The two approaches have been extensively studied in the literature but their predictions have not been compared. This is mainly due to a fact that the low-density limit is extensively studied for mathematical physics analysis, whereas the collision models have been essentially developed for quantum information tasks as a tractable description of the open quantum dynamics. Here we develop and for the first time compare both approaches for a spin system interacting with a gas of spin particles. Using some approximations, we explicitly find the corresponding master equations including the Lamb shifts and the dissipators. The low density limit in the Born approximation for fast particles is shown to be equivalent to the semiclassical collision model in the stroboscopic approximation. We reveal that the both approaches give exactly the same master equation if the gas temperature is high enough. This allows to interchangeably use complicated calculations in the low density limit and rather simple calculations in the collision model.

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Gas-induced friction and diffusion of rigid rotors

Cited by 48 publications

References 65 publications

Electrically driven, optically levitated microscopic rotors

Electrically driven, optically levitated microscopic rotors

Optomechanics with levitated particles

Quantum master equations for a system interacting with a quantum gas in the low-density limit and for the semiclassical collision model

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