Gas Ionization Detectors

Steinhäuser, Georg; Buchtela, K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384873-4.00003-7

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 278 publications

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“…MicroPattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD) have been shown as interesting devices for X-ray imaging applications [1][2][3][4], mainly due to their appropriated features such as: full field-of-view (absence of dead areas); possibility to have large detection areas (higher than hundred cm 2 ); good count rate (10 6 Hz), good position resolution (few hundred microns); versatility; room temperature operation; and low complexity (using only four electronic channels). Furthermore, they can be obtained at low cost [5,6]. In this work, a 2D-THCOBRA based detector was used, which presents photon counting capability, intrinsic 2D position and energy discrimination of each individual photon [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THCOBRA X-ray imaging detector operating in pure Kr

Carramate¹,

Silva²,

Azevedo³

et al. 2017

J. Inst.

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MicroPattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD) have been explored for X-ray imaging, namely for photon counting imaging which allows the improvement of image quality and the collection of more information than the conventional commercial systems. A 2D-THCOBRA based detector was developed, studied and used to acquire X-ray transmission images. The 2D-THCOBRA structure used has an active area of 2.8 × 2.8 cm2 and allows obtaining the position and energy information of each single photon that interacts with the detector. It is filled with pure Kr at 1 bar operating in a sealed mode. Within this work the performance of the detector is evaluated in terms of charge gain, count rate, time stability, energy and spatial resolutions. The detector presents a charge gain of 2 × 104 and an energy resolution of 23% for 5.9 keV, showing gain stability along time for a count rate of about 1 × 105 Hz/mm2. It presents a spatial resolution of 600 μm (σ = 255 μm) and 500 μm (σ = 213 μm) for x and y directions, respectively, and, considering energy bins about 650 μm (σ = 277 μm) for approximately 16.5 keV. X-ray transmission images of some samples presented here show good prospects for X-ray imaging applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THCOBRA X-ray imaging detector operating in pure Kr

Carramate¹,

Silva²,

Azevedo³

et al. 2017

J. Inst.

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“…18.6 keV). Although gas proportional counting methods can be applied for the determination and quantification of 3 H, , modern environmental monitoring laboratories usually rely on liquid scintillation counting (LSC) as the radioanalytical method of choice. LSC is susceptible for color and chemical quenching and hence requires a (water) sample free of chemical contaminants.…”

Section: Tritium (T)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fukushima’s Forgotten Radionuclides: A Review of the Understudied Radioactive Emissions

Steinhäuser

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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189

109

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In environmental monitoring campaigns for anthropogenic radionuclides released in the course of the Fukushima nuclear accident (2011), most focus had been on gamma-emitting radionuclides. More than 99% of the released activity was due to radionuclides of the elements Kr, Te, I, Xe, and Cs. However, little work had been done on the monitoring of radionuclides other than (131)I, (132)Te, (134)Cs, (136)Cs, and (137)Cs. Radionuclides such as those of less volatile elements (e.g., (89)Sr, (90)Sr, (103)Ru, (106)Ru, plutonium), pure beta-emitters ((3)H, (14)C, (35)S), gaseous radionuclides ((85)Kr, (133)Xe, (135)Xe) or radionuclides with very long half-lives (e.g., (36)Cl, (99)Tc, (129)I, some actinides such as (236)U) have been understudied by comparison. In this review, we summarize previous monitoring work on these "orphan" radionuclides in various environmental media and outline further challenges for future monitoring campaigns. Some of the understudied radionuclides are of radiological concern, others are promising tracers for environmental, geochemical processes such as oceanic mixing. Unfortunately, the shorter-lived nuclides of radioxenon, (103)Ru, (89)Sr and (35)S will no longer exhibit detectable activities in the environment. Activity concentrations of other radionuclides such as tritium, (14)C, or (85)Kr will become blurred in the significant background of previous releases (nuclear explosions and previous accidents). Isotope ratios such as (240)Pu/(239)Pu will allow for the identification of Fukushima plutonium despite the plutonium background.

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Monitoring Disaster: 3.11, Radiation Measurement and Public Health in Fukushima

Loh

2021

Humans and Devices in Medical Contexts

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Gas Ionization Detectors

Cited by 5 publications

References 278 publications

THCOBRA X-ray imaging detector operating in pure Kr

THCOBRA X-ray imaging detector operating in pure Kr

Fukushima’s Forgotten Radionuclides: A Review of the Understudied Radioactive Emissions

Monitoring Disaster: 3.11, Radiation Measurement and Public Health in Fukushima

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