Gas jet flow characteristic of high-pressure methane pulsed injection of single-hole cylindrical nozzle

Lei, Yan; Liu, Jiaxing; Qiu, Tao; Li, Yunqiang; Wang, Yupeng; Wan, Bo; Liu, Xianwu

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116081

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Figure 7 shows the methane gas jet penetration results of the CVB optical test. Figure 7 a shows the images of methane jet based on the image process program described in the literature 16 and the methane gas jet tip penetration distance S can be gained. Based on the tip penetration S , the methane jet velocity u 1 is deduced, as shown in Figure 7 b, under the condition of different NPRs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… For a high-pressure methane gas jet, the injection pressure is high and the nozzle diameter is small, and thus, the gas velocity at the nozzle outlet can reach sonic speeds and the Reynolds number is high. 16 When the fluid density is uniform, the Reynolds number is high, and the distance x is much larger than the diameter of the nozzle orifice, the mass flow rate m is proportional to the distance x . More precisely, the jet mass flow rate may be described by the following equation 22 where M stands for the excess momentum flux of the gas jet, ρ air is the density of the surrounding air, and K 1 is a numerical constant.…”

Section: High-pressure Gas Jet and Entrainment Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methane gas injection timing is triggered by an electronic control unit (ECU) developed by the authors and set to be synchronous with the camera. More details of the CVB test rig and the postprocessing method of the optical test images are illustrated in the authors’ published literature 16 in detail. The injection pressure p injection is adjusted ranging from 0.1 to 30 MPa, while the back pressure p b is controlled ranging from 0.1 to 5 MPa.…”

Section: Experimental Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test apparatus for the optical test of methane gas jet penetration is illustrated in our previously published literature. 16 Those test devices used in tests of both the gas jet at the nozzle outlet and the gas jet kinetic energy are described in Table 1 . For each kind of experiment, the gas jet is tested under varied operating conditions.…”

Section: Experimental Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cossali et al 15 studied the entrainment characteristics of an impulsively started gas jet by means of two-dimensional visualizations and laser Doppler velocimetry and found that early in the near field, the jet volume becomes larger and the transient jet entrainment differs significantly from the mechanism responsible for entrainment in the quasi-steady part of the jet. Our previous work 16 revealed that the high-pressure methane jet experiences a dynamic process and that the gas jet after the nozzle outlet is a transient gas jet. Thus, as for the high-pressure transient methane jet, the entrainment has its own characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study on Entrainment Characteristics of High-Pressure Methane Free Jet

et al. 2021

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Entrainment occurs during the high-pressure gas jet process, which is crucial for a natural gas direct injection engine. This study presents an experimental investigation on the high-pressure methane jet from one single-hole injector and proposes a method to obtain the entrainment mass flow rate based on kinetic energy conservation. The entrainment is related to three variables, i.e., spring plate moving distance Δ x , gas jet mass at the nozzle outlet m n , and gas jet velocity u 1 . A spring-set test rig is built to measure the spring plate moving distance Δ x , and the schlieren method is adopted to test the gas jet velocity u 1 based on a constant-volume bomb (CVB) optical test rig; finally, the weight method is used to obtain the methane gas jet mass at the nozzle outlet m n . This combined measuring method is verified to be valid in the near field to the nozzle. The results show that the methane jet mass flow rate gradually increases along the jet direction and has a two-zone entrainment process. Zone I: near field ( Lr < 10), the methane jet mass flow rate linearly increases up to the maximum; in the nozzle exit field ( Lr < 1), it is conserved, and no entrainment occurs. Zone II: far field ( Lr ≥ 10), the jet mass flow rate maintains the maximum, and the entrainment becomes saturated with a saturation value larger than the initial value at the nozzle outlet. The entrainment rate experiences three stages, linearly increasing in stage I and early stage II but not in late stage II and stage III. The methane injection pressure causes great effects on the mass flow rate and entrainment. As the injection pressure increases, the methane jet mass flow rate increases linearly, but the entrainment rate decreases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: High-pressure Gas Jet and Entrainment Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study on Entrainment Characteristics of High-Pressure Methane Free Jet

et al. 2021

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Experimental investigation of high‐pressure hydrogen gas jet impingement characteristics of single‐hole cylindrical injector

Lei

Zhang

Zhou³

et al. 2022

Energy Science & Engineering

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High‐pressure hydrogen direct injection technology can enable an internal combustion engine to attain high thermal efficiency and discharge clean emissions; hence, the advantages provided by hydrogen jet impingement are crucial. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the high‐pressure hydrogen direct injection from a single‐hole cylindrical injector. A test rig with a spring set was designed based on the impulse conservation law to test important high‐pressure hydrogen jet impingement parameters, such as jet impingement force and impulse. The results show that the hydrogen gas jet exhibits a two‐zone behavior. In Zone I (near‐field dynamic region), the jet impulse is not conservative, and the jet characteristic parameters (jet impingement force and impulse) fluctuate—first decreasing and then increasing. In Zone II, the jet impulse is conservative. This two‐zone jet feature is induced by shockwaves because a high‐pressure hydrogen jet with a high nozzle pressure ratio reaches its sonic speed at the nozzle outlet. The Mach disk height is the inflection point of these two zones. Moreover, the hydrogen injection pressure has a considerable influence on the gas jet. As the injection pressure increases, the hydrogen jet impingement force and impulse increase. Both jet parameters have a linearly increasing relationship with injection pressure.

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Numerical study on the flow characteristics of ultrahigh pressure gas affected by valve opening time based a real gas model

Zhang,

Sun,

Kang

et al. 2024

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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Gas jet flow characteristic of high-pressure methane pulsed injection of single-hole cylindrical nozzle

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Experimental Study on Entrainment Characteristics of High-Pressure Methane Free Jet

Experimental Study on Entrainment Characteristics of High-Pressure Methane Free Jet

Experimental investigation of high‐pressure hydrogen gas jet impingement characteristics of single‐hole cylindrical injector

Numerical study on the flow characteristics of ultrahigh pressure gas affected by valve opening time based a real gas model

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