Gas-liquid chromatography of protein amino acids separation factors

Gehrke, Charles W.; Zumwalt, Robert W.; Wall, Larry L

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)99136-8

Cited by 51 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…3-5), Gil-Av et al used a two-step derivatization strategy for ␣-amino acids [4,9,15] consisting of the formation of N-perfluoroacyl-O-alkyl esters [26,27] which proceeds without racemization at ambient temperature [197]. This two-step derivatization strategy has also frequently been used for achiral GC-MS analyses of ␣-amino acids [200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207]. For Chirasil-Val 4 [32,34] and related selectors [45], N-trifluoroacetyl-O-methyl (or O-n-pentyl and O-2-propyl) esters and N-pentafluoropropionyl-O-2-propyl esters of ␣-amino acids are routinely employed.…”

Section: Derivatization Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatographic enantioseparation of derivatized α-amino acids on chiral stationary phases—Past and present

Schurig

2011

Journal of Chromatography B

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Section: Derivatization Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatographic enantioseparation of derivatized α-amino acids on chiral stationary phases—Past and present

Schurig

2011

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…In order to make AAs amenable to GC separation, they have to be quantitatively converted into less polar and, essentially, volatile derivatives. The most common derivatization protocols comprise the formation of perfluoroacyl alkyl esters (Gehrke et al, 1968;MacKenzie and Tenaschu, 1974) or silylation reactions replacing active hydrogens by alkyl silyl groups (Chaves Das Neves, 1982;Gehrke et al, 1969). However, their methodological limitations include high reagent costs, laborious pre-analytical and synthetic processes requiring reagent removal and solvent exchange as well as the sensitivity of reagents and derivatives to moisture.…”

Section: From Liquid To Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

The why and how of amino acid analytics in cancer diagnostics and therapy

Manig

Kuhne

Neubeck

et al. 2017

Journal of Biotechnology

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Pathological alterations in cell functions are frequently accompanied by metabolic reprogramming including modifications in amino acid metabolism. Amino acid detection is thus integral to the diagnosis of many hereditary metabolic diseases. The development of malignant diseases as metabolic disorders comes along with a complex dysregulation of genetic and epigenetic factors affecting metabolic enzymes. Cancer cells might transiently or permanently become auxotrophic for non-essential or semi-essential amino acids such as asparagine or arginine. Also, transformed cells are often more susceptible to local shortage of essential amino acids such as methionine than normal tissues. This offers new points of attacking unique metabolic features in cancer cells. To better understand these processes, highly sensitive methods for amino acid detection and quantification are required. Our review summarizes the main methodologies for amino acid detection with a particular focus on applications in biomedicine and cancer, provides a historical overview of the methodological pre-requisites in amino acid analytics. We compare classical and modern approaches such as the combination of gas chromatography and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS/LC-MS). The latter is increasingly applied in clinical routine. We therefore illustrate an LC-MS workflow for analyzing arginine and methionine as well as their precursors and analogs in biological material. Pitfalls during protocol development are discussed, but LC-MS emerges as a reliable and sensitive tool for the detection of amino acids in biological matrices. Quantification is challenging, but of particular interest in cancer research as targeting arginine and methionine turnover in cancer cells represent novel treatment strategies.

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“…Trifluoroacetic anhydride plus n-butanol has been used for derivatization of amino acids, and modifies both amino and carboxyl groups. 21,22 However, this procedure requires two steps including esterification and acylation, which are time-consuming and tedious. Recently, the silylation agents bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and N-methyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) were developed for the derivatization of amino acids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid determination of amino acids in neonatal blood samples based on derivatization with isobutyl chloroformate followed by solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Deng

Zhang

2004

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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The purpose of this study was to develop a simple, rapid and sensitive analytical method for determination of amino acids in neonatal blood samples. The developed method involves the employment of derivatization and a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique together with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Amino acids in blood samples were derivatized by a mixture of isobutyl chloroformate, methanol and pyridine, and the N(O,S)-alkoxycarbonyl alkyl esters thus formed were headspace extracted by a SPME fiber. Finally, the extracted analytes on the fiber were desorbed and detected by GC/MS in electron impact (EI) mode. L-Valine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-phenylanaline and L-tyrosine in blood samples were quantitatively analyzed by measurement of the corresponding N(O,S)-alkoxycarbonyl alkyl esters using an external standard method. SPME conditions were optimized, and the method was validated. The method was applied to diagnosis of neonatal phenylkenuria (PKU) and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) by the analyses of five amino acids in blood samples. The results showed that the proposed method is a potentially powerful tool for simultaneous screening for neonatal PKU and MSUD.

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Gas-liquid chromatography of protein amino acids separation factors

Cited by 51 publications

References 8 publications

Gas chromatographic enantioseparation of derivatized α-amino acids on chiral stationary phases—Past and present

Gas chromatographic enantioseparation of derivatized α-amino acids on chiral stationary phases—Past and present

The why and how of amino acid analytics in cancer diagnostics and therapy

Rapid determination of amino acids in neonatal blood samples based on derivatization with isobutyl chloroformate followed by solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

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