Gas-particle distributions, sources and health effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in Venice aerosols

Gregoris, Elena; Argiriadis, Elena; Vecchiato, Marco; Zambon, Stefano; Pieri, S. De; Donateo, Antonio; Contini, Daniele; Piazza, Rossano; Barbante, Carlo; Gambaro, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.036

Cited by 79 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…DBA had the largest contribution to carcinogenic potential and BaP for mutagenic potential; in studies performed in urban Italian areas BaP was the compound that most contributed to total carcinogenicity in PM, although the toxic equivalence factor (TEF) used for DBA was lower in those cases (Cincinelli et al, 2007;Gregoris et al, 2014). LCR from exposure to atmospheric PAH was estimated by multiplying BaP-TEQ and BaP-MEQ by the unit risk (8.7 ×10 −5 (ng m −3 ) −1 ) for exposure to BaP established by WHO (de Oliveira Alves et al, 2015;WHO, 2000) (Fig.…”

Section: Pah Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

et al. 2017

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Abstract. São Paulo in Brazil has relatively relaxed regulations for ambient air pollution standards and often experiences high air pollution levels due to emissions of particulate pollutants from local sources and long-range transport of air masses impacted by biomass burning. In order to evaluate the sources of particulate air pollution and related health risks, a year-round sampling was done at the University of São Paulo campus (20 m a.g.l.), a green area near an important expressway. The sampling was performed for PM 2.5 (≤ 2.5 µm) and PM 10 (≤ 10 µm) in 2014 through intensive (everyday sampling in wintertime) and extensive campaigns (once a week for the whole year) with 24 h of sampling. This year was characterized by having lower average precipitation compared to meteorological data, and high-pollution episodes were observed all year round, with a significant increase in pollution level in the intensive campaign, which was performed during wintertime. Different chemical constituents, such as carbonaceous species, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and derivatives, water-soluble ions, and biomass burning tracers were identified in order to evaluate health risks and to apportion sources. The species such as PAHs, inorganic and organic ions, and monosaccharides were determined using chromatographic techniques and carbonaceous species using thermal-optical analysis. Trace elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The risks associated with particulate matter exposure based on PAH concentrations were also assessed, along with indexes such as the benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPE) and lung cancer risk (LCR). High BaPE and LCR were observed in most of the samples, rising to critical values in the wintertime. Also, biomass burning tracers and PAHs were higher in this season, while secondarily formed ions presented low variation throughout the year. Meanwhile, vehicular tracer species were also higher in the intensive campaign, suggesting the influence of lower dispersion conditions in that period. Source apportionment was performed using positive matrix factorization (PMF), which indicated five different factors: road dust, industrial emissions, vehicuPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 11944 G. M. Pereira et al.: Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo lar exhaust, biomass burning and secondary processes. The results highlighted the contribution of vehicular emissions and the significant input from biomass combustion in wintertime, suggesting that most of the particulate matter is due to local sources, in addition to the influence of pre-harvest sugarcane burning.

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Section: Pah Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

et al. 2017

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“…Sampl es were analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography (7890A, Agilent Technologies, USA), coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (5975C, Agilent Technologies). The gas-chromatograph operating conditions are reported in Gregoris et al (2014 Piazza et al (2013).…”

Section: Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of maritime traffic on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals and particulate matter in Venice air

Gregoris

Barbaro

Morabito

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Harbours are important hubs for economic growth in both tourism and commercial activities. They are also an environmental burden being a source of atmospheric pollution often localized near cities and industrial complexes. The aim of this study is to quantify the relative contribution of maritime traffic and harbour activities to atmospheric pollutant concentration in the Venice lagoon. The impact of ship traffic was quantified on various pollutants that are not directly included in the current European legislation for shipping emission reduction: (i) gaseous and particulate PAHs; (ii) metals in PM 10 ; and (iii) PM 10 and PM 2.5 . All contributions were correlated with the tonnage of ships during the sampling periods and results were used to evaluate the impact of the European Directive 2005/33/EC on air quality in Venice comparing measurements taken before and after the application of the Directive (year 2010). The outcomes suggest that legislation on ship traffic, which focused on the issue of the emissions of sulphur oxides, could be an efficient method also to reduce the impact of shipping on primary particulate matter concentration; on the other hand, we did not observe a significant reduction in the contribution of ship traffic and harbour activities to particulate PAHs and metals.

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“…The island of Burano is set in the northern lagoon with a population of about 2700 inhabitants and its sewerage system was only partially implemented in the last years. Although Venice and the lagoon became an UNESCO world heritage site in 1987, these areas are heavily affected by anthropogenic activities such as industrial emissions from Porto Marghera, traffic pollution from the nearby Mestre motorway, touristic and merchant ship traffic, airport emissions and domestic heating (Gregoris et al, 2014). The direct connection between urban emissions and the natural environment makes the Venice lagoon a perfect macrocosm laboratory to carry out the first pilot study about the distribution of the 17 FMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragrances as new contaminants in the Venice lagoon

Vecchiato

Cremonese

Gregoris

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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• Fragrance Materials (FMs) were quantified in the surface waters of the Venice lagoon.• First detection in environmental samples of most of the selected FMs.• Salicylates resulted in general the most abundant and widespread compounds.• FMs are persistently emitted in the environment.• Emitting sources and tidal dilution resulted key factors. Fragrance Materials (FMs) are omnipresent components of household and Personal Care Products (PCPs). In spite of their widespread use, little is known about their environmental occurrence. We selected 17 among the longest-lasting and most stable fragrance ingredients that are commercially available, namely: Amberketal, Ambrofix, Amyl Salicylate, Benzyl Salicylate, Bourgeonal, Dupical, Hexyl Salicylate, Isobutavan, Lemonile, Mefranal, Myraldene, Okoumal, Oranger Crystals, Pelargene, Peonile, Tridecene-2-Nitrile, Ultravanil. A new analytical method was developed to quantify FMs in water samples and it was applied to perform the first study about the distribution of these compounds in the surface waters of the city of Venice and its lagoon. Total FMs concentrations range from about 30 ng L −1 to more than 10 μg L −1 in polluted canals during the low tide. Sewage discharges were supposed to be the main sources of the selected FMs in the environment. Salicylates, oestrogenic and allergenic compounds, were in general the most abundant and widespread components. This study reports for the first time the detection of most of the selected FMs in surface waters and represent the first step to understand their environmental fate.

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Gas-particle distributions, sources and health effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in Venice aerosols

Cited by 79 publications

References 51 publications

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

Impact of maritime traffic on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals and particulate matter in Venice air

Fragrances as new contaminants in the Venice lagoon

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