Gas permeation resistance of various grades of perfluoroalkoxy–polytetrafluoroethylene copolymers

Monson, L.; Moon, Seung Il; Extrand, C. W.

doi:10.1002/app.28858

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Significant differences in the permeation rates of hydrogen relative to oxygen or nitrogen have been described for various polymers including polyarylethers (Wang et al, 2002) and fluorinated polymers (Monson et al, 2009). One polymer part that is in contact with the H 2 during the preparation of the gas mixtures is the rotor of the two position valve.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Mixing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of atmospheric hydrogen measurements

Jordan

Steinberg

2011

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Interest in atmospheric hydrogen (H-2) has been growing in recent years with the prospect of H-2 being a potential alternative to fossil fuels as an energy carrier. This has intensified research for a quantitative understanding of the atmospheric hydrogen cycle and its total budget, including the expansion of the global atmospheric measurement network. However, inconsistencies in published observational data constitute a major limitation in exploring such data sets. The discrepancies can be mainly attributed to difficulties in the calibration of the measurements. In this study various factors that may interfere with accurate quantification of atmospheric H-2 were investigated including drifts of standard gases in high pressure cylinders. As an experimental basis a procedure to generate precise mixtures of H-2 within the atmospheric concentration range was established. Application of this method has enabled a thorough linearity characterization of the commonly used GC-HgO reduction detector. We discovered that the detector response was sensitive to the composition of the matrix gas. Addressing these systematic errors, a new calibration scale has been generated defined by thirteen standards with dry air mole fractions ranging from 139-1226 nmol mol(-1). This new scale has been accepted as the official World Meteorological Organisation's (WMO) Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) H-2 mole fraction scale

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Section: Evaluation Of the Mixing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of atmospheric hydrogen measurements

Jordan

Steinberg

2011

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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“…The cost of sending materials to space has been estimated to be almost $11,000 kg −1 –$20,000 kg −1 (€9,800 kg −1 –€17,800 kg −1 approximately) with the cost significantly affected by launch type and final orbital position of the payload, and so reducing the weight of inherent systems is a main priority for future launch designs . A number of studies have already focused on the barrier properties of polymers in similar applications with PTFE, PFA, and PEEK exhibiting good barrier properties to gas permeation . Polymer liner studies have also been applied directly to COPV structures with a myriad of polymer materials being tested to determine their overall permeability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helium permeability of polymer materials as liners for composite overwrapped pressure vessels

Murray

Leen

Semprimoschnig

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polymers have been identified as replacement materials for metallic liners in composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) for future space launchers. PEEK, Nylon, and PVDF plastics formed from base powder grades have been permeability tested to determine their susceptibility to the diffusion of helium through flatwise panel cross sections. Permeability, diffusion, and solubility coefficients have been obtained for each material with PVDF and PA11 grades showing the lowest permeability coefficients and hence the best barrier properties to permeation. Crystallinity percentages and internal air void contents in the polymer samples have also been used to assess the differences in permeability between materials with an analysis of void dispersion effects given through X-ray CT scanning techniques. The measured permeability coefficients have been used to assess the ability of all materials tested to act as a functional polymer liner in a standard COPV with final leak rates predicted based on liner thicknesses and weights. V C 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43675.

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“…The permeability of semicrystalline polymers to small molecules has been studied for a vast range of materials including fluoropolymers. The latter case was motivated by the development of fuel cells and examples include studies of permeability of several gases in PVDF, CO 2 in PDVF‐graphite composites, H 2 and He in PVDF and sulfonated PVDF, O 2 in PVDF‐based proton‐exchange membranes, and H 2 , O 2 , and N 2 in perfluoroalkoxy‐polytetrafluoroethylene copolymers …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter case was motivated by the development of fuel cells and examples include studies of permeability of several gases in PVDF, 32 CO 2 in PDVF-graphite composites, 33 H 2 and He in PVDF and sulfonated PVDF, 34 O 2 in PVDF-based proton-exchange membranes, 35 and H 2 , O 2 , and N 2 in perfluoroalkoxy-polytetrafluoroethylene copolymers. 36 In none of these studies, however, the piezoelectric properties and the gas barrier properties of the polymers were analyzed simultaneously. Such combined properties would be useful for applications such as self-sensing liners for gas storage vessels, where the liner would provide a low permeability to gases while serving as a pressure sensor integrated into the vessel.…”

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confidence: 99%

Process influences on the structure, piezoelectric, and gas‐barrier properties of PVDF‐TrFE copolymer

Oliveira

Leterrier

Månson

et al. 2014

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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The influence of annealing between the Curie transition and the melting point of solvent cast polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene copolymer films on the crystalline structure, mechanical and electrical properties, and oxygen permeability is investigated. Annealing leads to remarkable changes in the structure and properties of the copolymer, within the first four hours of treatment, and with kinetics depending on the temperature. The crystallinity increases by 19% (relative), resulting in a 10 K increase in the Curie transition, a 4 K increase of the melting temperature and a 2 K decrease in the glass transition temperature. A crystalline phase transition from the paraelectric a-phase to the ferroelectric b-phase is also evidenced using in-situ X-ray diffraction. The elastic modulus is found to increase by more than threefold at room temperature and the loss peak at the glass transition is considerably reduced. The piezoelectric coefficient is found to increase by 40% and the dielectric properties are significantly changed. The most remarkable influence is the tenfold reduction of the oxygen permeability, with a drastic reduction of the activation energy for oxygen transport. The improvement in oxygen barrier properties of the annealed copolymer is attributed to the restricted mobility of oxygen molecules in the semicrystalline polymer with nanometer sized crystallites. 1 Among the different PVDF polymorphisms (a, b, c, d, and E) the polar alltrans, ferroelectric b-phase (orthorhombic conformation) is responsible for the greatest piezo activity in these materials.

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Gas permeation resistance of various grades of perfluoroalkoxy–polytetrafluoroethylene copolymers

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Calibration of atmospheric hydrogen measurements

Calibration of atmospheric hydrogen measurements

Helium permeability of polymer materials as liners for composite overwrapped pressure vessels

Process influences on the structure, piezoelectric, and gas‐barrier properties of PVDF‐TrFE copolymer

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