Gas-phase production of monodisperse lead zirconate titanate nanoparticles

Abstract

Laser ablative technology was used to prepare monodisperse nanoparticles (4–20 nm in diameter) of lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Laser ablation of a PZT ceramic target in oxygen ambience produced amorphous and irregularly shaped PZT nanoparticles. A subsequent on-line thermal treatment performed on the PZT nanoparticles dispersed in the gas phase brought about compaction and crystallization of the nanoparticles without additional particle growth. It was found that the amorphous nanoparticles began to crystallize above 600 °C, and they became a perovskite structure at 900 °C. The crystallized nanoparticles were then size classified by a differential mobility analyzer to yield monodisperse, highly pure, and single-crystalline PZT nanoparticles.

Fabrication of Monodispersed Barium Titanate Nanoparticles with Narrow Size Distribution

“…The details of the DMA are reported elsewhere 31–33 . Monodispersed nanoparticles of silicon 34,35 and lead zirconate titanate 36 have been produced by a size classification using the DMA. Thus, the size classification of BTNPs will be possible if an aerosol of the charged BTNPs is introduced into the DMA.…”

Synthesis of Size- and Structure-Controlled Ge2Sb2Te5 Nanoparticles

“…9) GST particles were produced by the laser ablation of a GST metal alloy target. The ablation was carried out with an Ar flow rate of 300 sccm and at a pressure of 400 Pa.…”

“…The particle size distribution was very similar to that observed during laser ablation of lead zirconate titanate at the same pressure of oxygen. 9) To analyze particle morphology and crystalline structure as a function of the on-line thermal treatment temperature T, nanoparticles size-classified at a nominal 15 nm were observed by TEM. Figure 1 shows the TEM images and the corresponding SAD patterns of the size-classified nanoparticles treated at different T values.…”

Patterning of ferroelectric nanodot arrays using a silicon nitride shadow mask

“…In submicron dots, fatigue, inhomogeneity of imprint and switching, easy relaxation and low temperature processing have been major issues to be resolved. [3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] As these dots get even smaller, easy relaxation of a single domain nanodot and the superparaelectric effect 11 have become new problems to be understood. Technically, a new patterning method is demanded for good regularity, good crystallinity and lowbudget processing of the dots.…”

“…In cases of bottom-up approaches, much smaller lateral sizes of a few nanometers could be obtained, though regular arrays are yet to be attainable. [10][11][12] Shadow mask deposition has been an alternative method for nanoscale patterning. [14][15][16][17] So far, most materials were deposited by evaporation when shadow masks were employed, followed by high temperature annealing.…”