Milling
aluminum balls together with either vapor- or liquid-phase acetonitrile
(ACN) leads to production of nanoparticles by mechanical attrition;
however, vapor-phase ACN is far more efficient at inducing size reduction,
leading to more, smaller, and more uniform particles. The attrition
process is also more efficient than traditional milling of particulate
starting material and produces nanoparticles with substantially lower
contamination levels. This paper is aimed at better understanding
the nature of the size reduction process, the chemistry driving it,
and the particles it produces. Mass spectrometry was used to probe
gases generated during milling, and a combination of X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, helium
ion microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric
analysis/mass spectrometry was used to probe the particles and their
surface layer. To provide further insight into the chemistry occurring
between ACN and aluminum under milling conditions, high-level ab initio
theory was used to calculate the structures and energetics for binding
and reactions of ACN and its fragments at different sites on an Al80 model surface.