Gas, power, and norms: competing logics for the declining use of chemical warfare

Kovačević, Damir; Afrimadona, Afrimadona; Claar, Martin

doi:10.1080/10736700.2019.1627776

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Rationalist explanations primarily focus on the limited military utility of chemical agents and the logic of mutual deterrence (Ellis and Moon, 1984; Krause, 1991; Martin, 2004a; Martin, 2016; Chapman, Elbahtimy and Martin, 2018; Allison and Herzog, 2019). In contrast, genealogical explanations highlight the gradual emergence and institutionalization of the international norm against chemical weapon-use in world politics (Price, 1995, 1997; Bentley, 2013, 2014; Jefferson, 2014; Kovačević, Afrimadona and Claar, 2019). Finally, the “essentialist” explanations put forward arguments about the deep-rooted aversion of humans to toxic substances, supposedly encoded in our genetic and psychological make-up (Mandelbaum, 1981: chap.…”

Section: Nuclear and Chemical “Taboos” In A Comparative Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

The lesser evil? Experimental evidence on the strength of nuclear and chemical weapon “taboos”

Smetana

Vranka

Rosendorf

2022

Conflict Management and Peace Science

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We present findings of a survey experiment on a sample of 2350 American and British citizens, in which we examined attitudes towards nuclear and chemical strikes. Our findings demonstrate that even though the public accurately judges nuclear weapons as more destructive and indiscriminate, it is still more averse to the use of chemical than nuclear weapons. Our follow up study has shown that individuals are significantly more likely to associate chemical weapons with “rogue states” and terrorists, and associate nuclear weapons with modern powers. The findings contribute to scholarship on the “taboos” surrounding the (non-)use of WMDs in world politics.

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Section: Nuclear and Chemical “Taboos” In A Comparative Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

The lesser evil? Experimental evidence on the strength of nuclear and chemical weapon “taboos”

Smetana

Vranka

Rosendorf

2022

Conflict Management and Peace Science

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“…[ 2 6 7 ] In the Vietnam War in 1960s and the early years of 1970s, the Americans inflicted irreparable damages to Vietnam rangelands, forests, and the environment as well as its people through the use of hazardous chemical agents, especially Agent Orange, that despite major restoration plans, its ominous effects were not resolved after decades later. [ 8 9 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A minimum data set of user profile or electronic health record for chemical warfare victims' recommender system

Aalipour

Ghazisaeedi

Moghadam

et al. 2020

J Family Med Prim Care

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Background: There are many people who are suffering from a variety of physical and mental illnesses due to the chemical attacks. There are various technologies such as recommender systems that can identify the main concerns related to health and make efforts to address them. To design and develop a recommender system, preparation of data source of this system should be considered. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum data set for user profile or user's electronic health record in chemical warfare victims’ recommender system. Methods: This applied descriptive, cross-sectional study which was conducted in 2017. A questionnaire was developed by the authors from the data elements that were collected using the data extraction form from the studied sources. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by using the experts. Test–retest method was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient was confirmed as 84%. The questionnaire were submitted for related experts based on Delphi method by email or in person. Data resulting from the Delphi technique with descriptive statistics methods in SPSS software were analyzed. Results: Forty-seven nonclinical data elements and 181 clinical data elements were classified. Conclusion: Determining minimum data set of user profile or electronic health record in the recommender system for chemical warfare victims helps the health authorities to implement the recommender system which demonstrates chemical warfare victims’ needs.

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Gas, power, and norms: competing logics for the declining use of chemical warfare

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

The lesser evil? Experimental evidence on the strength of nuclear and chemical weapon “taboos”

The lesser evil? Experimental evidence on the strength of nuclear and chemical weapon “taboos”

A minimum data set of user profile or electronic health record for chemical warfare victims' recommender system

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