Gas temperature in transient CO<sub>2</sub>plasma measured by Raman scattering

Brehmer, Franziska; Welzel, S.; Klarenaar, Bart; Meiden, van der H.J.; Sanden, van de M.C.M.; Engeln, Rah Richard

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/48/15/155201

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The increase in gas temperature upon rising frequency may be correlated with the lower CO2 conversion at high frequencies since more energy may be spent for heating and less to decompose CO2. The gas temperature values which are found with the OES spectra are in good agreement, and in the same order of magnitude, with temperature values determined by other methods for a CO2 DBD in the same kind of conditions [56]. Figure 9 shows that the CO2 conversion rises linearly with power, reaching a value as high as 28% at 100 W. In the same power range, a slight decrease in the energy efficiency is measured from 12.5% to 11%.…”

Section: Gas Temperature and Electrode Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 83%

The influence of power and frequency on the filamentary behavior of a flowing DBD—application to the splitting of CO₂

Özkan

Dufour

Silva

et al. 2016

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

119

117

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In this experimental study, a flowing dielectric barrier discharge operating at atmospheric pressure is used for the splitting of CO2 into O2 and CO. The influence of the applied frequency and plasma power on the microdischarge properties is investigated to understand their role on the CO2 conversion. Electrical measurements are carried out to explain the conversion trends and to characterize the microdischarges through their number, their lifetime, their intensity and the induced electrical charge. Their influence on the gas and electrode temperatures is also evidenced through optical emission spectroscopy and infrared imaging. It is shown that, in our configuration, the conversion depends mostly on the charge delivered in the plasma and not on the effective plasma voltage when the applied power is modified. Similarly, at constant total current, a better conversion is observed at low frequencies, where a less filamentary discharge regime with a higher effective plasma voltage than that at a higher frequency is obtained.

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Section: Gas Temperature and Electrode Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 83%

The influence of power and frequency on the filamentary behavior of a flowing DBD—application to the splitting of CO₂

Özkan

Dufour

Silva

et al. 2016

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

119

117

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“…Due to thermophoresis, transfer of nanoparticles to the cooler regions can be induced and is guided by the temperature gradient inside the discharge gap, F th ∼

- {\nabla T}_{g a s}

. In the set‐ups shown in Figure , the dielectric tube is externally cooled ( T cool ∼ 20 °C), while the gas temperature in the DBD can be 100–300 °C higher (not measured in our study, but taken from the literature) . This temperature gradient could lead to the condensation of nanoparticles on the reactor walls and the formation of a granular film layer with a thickness of about 10 µm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Pressure as an additional control handle for non-thermal atmospheric plasma processes

Belov

Paulussen²,

Bogaerts

2017

Plasma Process Polym

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O 2 and CO 2 Dielectric Barrier Discharges (DBD) were studied at elevated (i.e., above atmospheric) pressure regimes (1-3.5 bar). It was demonstrated that these operational conditions significantly influence both the discharge dynamics and the process efficiencies of O 2 and CO 2 discharges. For the case of the O 2 DBD, the pressure rise results in the amplification of the discharge current, the appearance of emission lines of the metal electrode material (Fe, Cr, Ni) in the optical emission spectrum and the formation of a granular film of the erosion products (10-300 nm iron oxide nanoparticles) on the reactor walls. Somewhat similar behavior was observed also for the CO 2 DBD. The discharge current, the relative intensity of the CO Angstrom band measured by Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) and the CO 2 conversion rates could be stimulated to some extent by the rise in pressure. The optimal conditions for the O 2 DBD (P = 2 bar) and the CO 2 DBD (P = 1.5 bar) are demonstrated. It can be argued that the dynamics of the microdischarges (MD) define the underlying process of this behavior. It could be demonstrated that the pressure increase stimulates the formation of more intensive but fewer MDs. In this way, the operating pressure can represent an additional tool to manipulate the properties of the MDs in a DBD, and as a result also the discharge performance.

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“…As another example, the heating of CO 2 gas in the active plasma zone of the DBD is measured and compared to a heating theory proposed by Eliasson et al 10 A stationary temperature profile is assumed, while making a balance between the dissipated power P and the heat extraction by the reactor. Applying Fourier's law of heat conduction results in an expression for the gas temperature, 3,10…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, in gas and plasma physics the technique is used to measure rotational or vibrational temperatures and particle number densities. [1][2][3] We use the rotational temperature as a measure for the translational and thus gas temperature in a dielectricbarrier discharge (DBD) in undiluted CO 2 . 3 In general, the intensity of the elastically scattered laser light (i.e., Rayleigh scattering) and stray light is several orders of magnitude higher than that of the inelastically scattered Raman light.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] We use the rotational temperature as a measure for the translational and thus gas temperature in a dielectricbarrier discharge (DBD) in undiluted CO 2 . 3 In general, the intensity of the elastically scattered laser light (i.e., Rayleigh scattering) and stray light is several orders of magnitude higher than that of the inelastically scattered Raman light. This particularly causes a challenge when studying pure rotational spectra with frequencies as low as 10 cm −1 (e.g., for N 2 , O 2 , and CO), or even 2.34 cm −1 for CO 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Note: Rotational Raman scattering on CO2 plasma using a volume Bragg grating as a notch filter

Klarenaar

Brehmer

Welzel

et al. 2015

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We present a novel approach for filtering Rayleigh scattering and stray light from Raman scattering in a gas discharge, using a volume Bragg grating as a notch filter. For low frequency rotational Raman contributions, it is essential to filter out Rayleigh scattering and stray light at the laser wavelength to be able to measure an undisturbed Raman spectrum. Using the Bragg grating, having an optical density of 3.1 at the central wavelength of 532 nm and a full width at half maximum of 7 cm(-1), we were able to measure a nearly full rotational CO2 spectrum (1.56 cm(-1) peak-to-peak separation). The rotational temperature in a CO2 discharge was determined with an accuracy of 2%.

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Gas temperature in transient CO₂plasma measured by Raman scattering

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

The influence of power and frequency on the filamentary behavior of a flowing DBD—application to the splitting of CO₂

The influence of power and frequency on the filamentary behavior of a flowing DBD—application to the splitting of CO₂

Pressure as an additional control handle for non-thermal atmospheric plasma processes

Note: Rotational Raman scattering on CO2 plasma using a volume Bragg grating as a notch filter

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Gas temperature in transient CO2plasma measured by Raman scattering

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

The influence of power and frequency on the filamentary behavior of a flowing DBD—application to the splitting of CO2

The influence of power and frequency on the filamentary behavior of a flowing DBD—application to the splitting of CO2

Pressure as an additional control handle for non-thermal atmospheric plasma processes

Note: Rotational Raman scattering on CO2 plasma using a volume Bragg grating as a notch filter

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Gas temperature in transient CO₂plasma measured by Raman scattering

The influence of power and frequency on the filamentary behavior of a flowing DBD—application to the splitting of CO₂

The influence of power and frequency on the filamentary behavior of a flowing DBD—application to the splitting of CO₂