Gas temperatures in heavy goods vehicle fires in tunnels

Lönnermark, Anders; Ingason, Haukur

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2005.05.003

Cited by 122 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Temperatures were measured at several positions along the tunnel, from 100 m upstream of the fire ('-100 m') to a measurement station 458 m downstream of the fire, i.e., approximately 100 m from the west entrance. Details on the measurements, including results, of HRR, temperatures, gas analyses, and radiation are described elsewhere [1,2,6,7]. The results of interest for the analyses in this paper, including the measurements of the gas velocity and the resulting pulsations, are presented below.…”

Section: Runehamar Tunnel Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vortex shedding phenomenon has been widely studied when it comes to pool fires. In the review of pulsation of flames and pool fire performed by Malalasekera et al [15], the authors give a relation between the Strouhal number, St, and the Froude number, Fr, on the form St= a Fr b (2) with the best fit for many experiments (burner diameter from 0.0074 m to 2.2 m) giving a = 0.52 and b = -0.505, which means that…”

Section: An Acoustic Explanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2003, large-scale fire tests were performed with heavy goods vehicle (HGV) cargos in the Runehamar tunnel in Norway [1,2]. The tunnel is a two-way asphalted road tunnel that was taken out of use in the late 1980s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of this paper is to describe these pulsations and give some plausible explanation and theoretical background for them. Full details of the experimental series, the goods studied, and the conclusions of the project are provided elsewhere [1,2]. Only data of specific relevance to the discussion of the pulsation phenomena will be presented here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acoustic Considerations Regarding Pulsations During Large-scale Fire Tests In A Tunnel

Lönnermark¹,

Ingason²

2005

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Eigth International Sy

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Large-scale fire tests have been carried out with Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV) cargos in the Runehamar tunnel in Norway. During two of the fire tests, large pulsations of the gas flow inside the tunnel occurred. These pulsations were registered only when the measured heat release rates (HRR) were higher than 125 MW -135 MW. Two different periods of the pulsations were registered, short periods of about 4 s and longer periods of approximately 18 s. In the article, the pulsations are presented and some plausible explanations are given, using an acoustic approach. There are several factors that can affect the pulsations, e.g., the size of the experimental set-up, the size of the fire, the thermal expansion at the site of the fire, the slope of the tunnel, the wind outside the tunnel, etc., but the calculations show that the oscillation periods are properties of the system, and can be what is referred to as thermoacoustic instabilities.

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Section: Runehamar Tunnel Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: An Acoustic Explanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Acoustic Considerations Regarding Pulsations During Large-scale Fire Tests In A Tunnel

Lönnermark¹,

Ingason²

2005

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Eigth International Sy

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“…This article presents results from a validation of correlations presented by Newman [1] applied to results from tunnel tests. Results from two model experiments performed by Ingason [7] [11], the large scale tests conducted in the Runehamar tunnel [4,5] and the Memorial tunnel fire tests [6] have been used to investigate the validity of Newman's correlations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature stratification in tunnels

Nyman

Ingason

2012

Fire Safety Journal

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An investigation of previously established correlations between gas temperature distribution and smoke stratification in mines has been carried out for tunnel applications. The investigated correlations are based on excess gas temperature ratios and Froude number scaling. This paper describes a comparison between two large scale tests carried out in a road tunnel and two well defined model scale tests. In each of the tests, a longitudinal flow was maintained. The temperature data obtained at different locations and different heights have been used for the comparison. A good correspondence between the experimental data and the correlations has been found when the gas temperature data were used. However, the correspondence between the previously established correlation of gas temperature stratification and Froude number, was not reliable. It is postulated that the main reason for this may be the way the experiments were carried out. New correlations between the temperature stratification and the Froude number are also explored.

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