Gas Turbines and Hydrogen

Griebel, Peter

doi:10.1002/9783527674268.ch43

Cited by 12 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Burning pure hydrogen or hydrogen-enriched natural gas leads to significant differences in combustion characteristics in comparison to pure natural gas. Gas turbines equipped with diffusion flame combustors can burn up to 100% hydrogen, albeit requiring expensive nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emission abatement strategies which result in additional power plant complexities and efficiency penalties [19]. Those fitted with lean premixed (LPM) combustors, the current state-of-the-art for low NO x operation [16,20,21], are generally limited to about 30% hydrogen by volume [14].…”

Section: Towards 100% Hydrogen Combustion In Gas Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 compares common combustion properties of hydrogen to gaseous methane. Key among these properties are its relatively higher adiabatic flame temperature, flame speed and diffusivity which pose several technical challenges to LPM combustor operation [19,26,27]. In this section, some of the main challenges of burning hydrogen in LPM combustors are briefly summarised.…”

Section: Challenges Of Burning Hydrogen In Lean Premixed Combustion Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autoignition refers to spontaneous ignition of the combustible fuel-air mixture in the premixing section in the absence of an ignition source. While the autoignition temperature of hydrogen is only marginally higher than that of methane [26], hydrogen has a significantly shorter ignition delay time [19,34] hence a concern for burning hydrogen-enriched fuels in LPM combustors. The spontaneous ignition delay is the time interval available for a reactive mixture to react in the absence of an ignition source [20].…”

Section: Challenges Of Burning Hydrogen In Lean Premixed Combustion Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At typical LPM burner stoichiometry, the adiabatic flame temperature for pure hydrogen is over 150 K higher in comparison to methane [27]. For a fixed gas turbine configuration, this will result in higher NO x emissions if the operating conditions are not adapted, for example, by shifting to leaner equivalence ratio (φ) [19].…”

Section: Challenges Of Burning Hydrogen In Lean Premixed Combustion Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermoacoustic Instability Considerations for High Hydrogen Combustion in Lean Premixed Gas Turbine Combustors: A Review

et al. 2021

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Hydrogen is receiving increasing attention as a versatile energy vector to help accelerate the transition to a decarbonised energy future. Gas turbines will continue to play a critical role in providing grid stability and resilience in future low-carbon power systems; however, it is recognised that this role is contingent upon achieving increased thermal efficiencies and the ability to operate on carbon-neutral fuels such as hydrogen. An important consideration in the development of gas turbine combustors capable of operating with pure hydrogen or hydrogen-enriched natural gas are the significant changes in thermoacoustic instability characteristics associated with burning these fuels. This article provides a review of the effects of burning hydrogen on combustion dynamics with focus on swirl-stabilised lean-premixed combustors. Experimental and numerical evidence suggests hydrogen can have either a stabilising or destabilising impact on the dynamic state of a combustor through its influence particularly on flame structure and flame position. Other operational considerations such as the effect of elevated pressure and piloting on combustion dynamics as well as recent developments in micromix burner technology for 100% hydrogen combustion have also been discussed. The insights provided in this review will aid the development of instability mitigation strategies for high hydrogen combustion.

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Section: Towards 100% Hydrogen Combustion In Gas Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges Of Burning Hydrogen In Lean Premixed Combustion Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges Of Burning Hydrogen In Lean Premixed Combustion Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges Of Burning Hydrogen In Lean Premixed Combustion Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermoacoustic Instability Considerations for High Hydrogen Combustion in Lean Premixed Gas Turbine Combustors: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…About 80% of international power production is from gas and steam turbines, with modern gas turbine efficiencies reaching up to 42% in single and 61% in combined cycles . Combined cycle gas turbines represent one of the most efficient technologies, especially in large-scale stationary power applications .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing H₂ Combustion: A Case Study for Non-Fuel-Cell Power Systems and Safety in Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners

2018

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This Review looks at past and current research and development (R&D) on H2 combustion in terms of power generation in gas turbines and safety in passive autocatalytic recombiners (PARs). The drive toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions has forced researchers to look at carbon-free alternatives for power generation. Fortunately, H2 is one such fuel source and has been proposed as a fuel in gas turbines for large-scale power production. The effects of H2 on the heating values, flame speed, burning velocity, flammability range, flashback, blow-off, ignition delay, and emissions have been reported, and the trends and gaps in R&D identified. Properties such as flame speed, burning velocities, and flammability limits at typical gas turbine conditions (high pressures, high temperatures, lean equivalence ratios, and turbulent conditions) still need to be determined experimentally for H2 fuel mixtures, especially for mixtures with higher H2 concentrations and fuel mixtures with other fuels (such as biogas) as an evolutionary step toward adapting to a hydrogen economy. Much work has been done on pre-mixed dry low emissions and diffusion combustion with dilution as means of accommodating high hydrogen content (HHC) fuels. Staged combustion, vortex-stabilized combustion, multiple injection combustion, and catalytic combustion have been proposed for HHC fuels, yet still further R&D is required. Finally, oxy-fuel combustion provides a promising technology for HHC fuels, and researchers should focus on its testing and development. Although H2 is a good alternative to carbon-based fuel, its unique properties increase the probability of a fire hazard. Toward developing a hydrogen economy, we also need to ensure the safety of H2. Unfortunately, in unique scenarios, for instance in closed areas, venting and detection measures are no long adequate, nor possible, to ensure safety. Other intervention methods are required. H2 combustion in PARs is well known in the nuclear industry, but PARs can also be used for flammable gas control in other applications. The current status quo of PARs is discussed. Understanding and developing robust PARs for nuclear applications as well as alternative applications is vital for establishing a hydrogen economy. Gas turbine technologies that are H2 compatible have attracted much attention worldwide, within both academia and industry, especially in the U.S., Europe, and some Asian countries. Presently, the key role-players in this field are the U.S. Department of Energy, Hitachi, Kawasaki, Siemens, and General Electric. Some of the initiatives toward developing H2 gas turbines are discussed, with the strongest being the potential use in clean integrated coal gasification combined cycle applications.

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The Influence of Gaseous Hydrogen on the Properties of Heat-Resistant Nickel-Cobalt Alloy Under Static and Cyclic Loading

Balitskii,

Syrotyuk,

Ivaskevych

2024

Mater Sci

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Gas Turbines and Hydrogen

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Thermoacoustic Instability Considerations for High Hydrogen Combustion in Lean Premixed Gas Turbine Combustors: A Review

Thermoacoustic Instability Considerations for High Hydrogen Combustion in Lean Premixed Gas Turbine Combustors: A Review

Reviewing H₂ Combustion: A Case Study for Non-Fuel-Cell Power Systems and Safety in Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners

The Influence of Gaseous Hydrogen on the Properties of Heat-Resistant Nickel-Cobalt Alloy Under Static and Cyclic Loading

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Gas Turbines and Hydrogen

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Thermoacoustic Instability Considerations for High Hydrogen Combustion in Lean Premixed Gas Turbine Combustors: A Review

Thermoacoustic Instability Considerations for High Hydrogen Combustion in Lean Premixed Gas Turbine Combustors: A Review

Reviewing H2 Combustion: A Case Study for Non-Fuel-Cell Power Systems and Safety in Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners

The Influence of Gaseous Hydrogen on the Properties of Heat-Resistant Nickel-Cobalt Alloy Under Static and Cyclic Loading

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Product

Resources

About

Reviewing H₂ Combustion: A Case Study for Non-Fuel-Cell Power Systems and Safety in Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners