Gaseous emissions during the solid state fermentation of different wastes for enzyme production at pilot scale

Abstract

The emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC), CH4, N2O and NH3 during the solid state fermentation process of some selected wastes to obtain different enzymes have been determined at pilot scale. Orange peel+compost (OP), hair wastes+raw sludge (HW) and winterization residue+raw sludge (WR) have been processed in duplicate in 50 L reactors to provide emission factors and to identify the different VOC families present in exhaust gaseous emissions. Ammonia emission from HW fermentation (3.2±0.5 kg Mg(-1) dry matter) and VOC emission during OP processes (18±6 kg Mg(-1) dry matter) should be considered in an industrial application of these processes. Terpenes have been the most emitted VOC family during all the processes although the emission of sulphide molecules during HW SSF is notable. The most emitted compound was dimethyl disulfide in HW and WR processes, and limonene in the SSF of OP.

Sophorolipids Production from Oil Cake by Solid-State Fermentation. Inventory for Economic and Environmental Assessment

“…Gaseous emissions produced in the fermentation were quantified as described by Maulini-Duran et al (2015), for NH 3 , H 2 S, CH 4 , and N 2 O. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) were determined using a MiniRae 300 PID analyzer equipped with a 9.8 eV lamp (RAE Systems MiniRAE 3,000, San José, CA, United States).…”

“…Process emissions can severely impact the environment. VOCs (generally organosulfur compounds, nitrogenous compounds, ketones, and terpenes), NH 3 , H 2 S, N 2 O, and CH 4 are the main gases emitted during SSF processes and may be responsible for producing air pollution and bad odors if the proper treatment is not provided (Maulini-Duran et al, 2015). All these gaseous compounds are related to the biological decomposition of organic matter, nitrogen, and sulfur-based compounds (González et al, 2019).…”

“…References to emissions of SSF processes, using WOC and MOL as substrates, could not be found in the literature. Only Maulini-Duran et al (2015) reported emissions for different SSF processes, including a fermentation process using WOC mixed with raw sludge to produce lipases. In this work, the authors reported VOCs emissions during SSF of different substrates ranging from 0.2 to 18 mg g −1 DM.…”

Microbial Enzyme Production Using Lignocellulosic Food Industry Wastes as Feedstock: A Review

“…Solid state fermentation promises high volumetric productivity with a high concentration of products, along with lesser effluent production, leading to minimal downstream processing [ 53 ]. However, a study involving the use of organic waste for the production of enzymes using the solid state fermentation regime reported the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) such as CH 4 , N 2 O and NH 3 [ 54 ].…”

Fermentation: A Boon for Production of Bioactive Compounds by Processing of Food Industries Wastes (By-Products)

“…SSF potentials high volumetric productivity with increasing the concentration of products and reduced the effluent production [ 126 ]. However, a study performed using the organic waste for the production of enzymes by SSF stated the release of volatile organic compounds (VOC) such as CH 4 , N 2 O and NH 3 [ 127 ]. Madhumithah et al [ 128 ] carried out a study to produce protease from vegetable waste by SSF with Aspergillus niger .…”