Gaseous Explosions<sup>1</sup>: III—Effect of Fuel constitution on Rate of Rise of Pressure

Brown, Geo. Granger.; Watkins, Geo. B.

doi:10.1021/ie50206a035

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Table I gives a list of the fuels with some of their physical constants and the amounts used in the two types of charges. Although the pressure-time curves such as are shown in Figures 1,2, and 3 must be consulted to make available all the experimental data, Figures 4 to 12, inclusive, summarize the experimental results obtained with pure fuels and with various additions of tetraethyl lead. Tables II and III indicate the manner in which the data were obtained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other concentrations of the antiknock in petrol were not reported. Masson and Hamilton (28) reported the autoignition tem- 1 Presented before the Division of Gas and Fuel Chemistry at the 77th Mée ting of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio, April 29 to May 3,1929. * Part of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in the University of Michigan.…”

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Gaseous Explosions

Carr¹,

Brown²

1929

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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FIE knocking tendency of a motor fuel is ap-T parently dependent, in large measure, upon its autoignition tcmperatnre (32, 20) and the rate of rise of pressure accompanying the normal combustion of the explosive mixture (6). For this reason it seems that important information concerning the action of tetraethyl lead in suppressing engine knock may be obtained by investigating its effect, in various concentrations, on the ignition temperatures and on the rates of rise of pressure of different explosive mixtures. The subject of the ignition temperatures of fuels has for some time received a great deal of attention, and con-Explosive mixtures of different types of hydrocarbons were prepared containing varying amounts of tetraethyl lead. The rate of rise of pressure following ignition was determined from pressure-time curves.The effect of tetraethyl lead was found to be essentially independent of the chemical structure of the fuel, but governed by the type or rate of combustion of the explosive mixture. As the rate of reaction (or rise in pressure) increases, the retarding action of tetraethyl lead disappears and is replaced by an accelerating action on the combustion. A similar effect was observed upon adding increasing amounts of tetraethyl lead to the mixture. Small amounts of tetraethyl lead tend to retard slow combustion, but larger concentrations of tetraethyl lead showed no retarding action and in many cases a positive accelerating effect.These actions may be explained on the assumption that the decomposition products of tetraethyl lead are the active agents, and by considering the relative rates of decomposition of tetraethyl lead and of reaction of the explosive mixture.p e r a t u r e s , determined by Moore's method, of a large n u m b e r of substances and mixtures, and indicated that the effect of tetraethyl lead in increasing proportions differed with different fuels. The ignition temperature of n-heptane (451 " C.) nas r a y idly increased by the addition of tetraethyl lead, apparently reaching a maximum of about 545" C. by the addition of 8 cc. of tetraethyl lead per gallon. The addition of 62 cc. per gallon also gave 545" C. The ignition temperature of benzene, on the other hand, was found to decrease from about 650" C. to 630" C. as the tetraethyl lead was increased from zero to 5 cc. per gallon. Further additions UD siderable data on the effect of tetraethyl lead on ignition temperature are available.Dixon and Coward (12) studied igniting temperatures of gases in 1909. Probably the earliest determinations on combustible liquids were made by Holm (2.4) using a heated porcelain plate upon which he dropped the fuels. Seeking to explain the knocking characteristics of fuels on the basis of their ignition temperatures, Moore (32) developed an improved modification of Holm's method which has been widely adopted by later investigators.The fact that these investigations showed that non-knocking fuels possessed high ignition temperatures led to numerous investigations of the effect of knock suppressors, suc...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Gaseous Explosions

Carr¹,

Brown²

1929

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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“…pressure rise, or 5 per cent. (5) Compute the compression ratio (rs) that would cause the last third of the charge to detonate if the compression ratio of ri is just insufficient to cause incipient detonation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Thermodynamic Analysis of the Rate of Rise of Pressure in the Otto Cycle.

Brown¹

1938

Chem. Rev.

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“…Egerton and Gates (29) consider that only in extreme cases is knocking due to a real detonation wave, as they could not produce true detonation in mixtures having a composition similar to those used in motors. Brown and Watkins (15) state: "The detonation wave as recognized in progressive homogeneous reactions is not a cause of 'detonation' (fuel knock) in internalcombustion engines. "…”

Section: Influence Of Antiknock Reagents On Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%