Gaseous nitrogen losses and ammonia volatilization measurement following land application of cattle slurry in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA

Thompson, R.B.; Meisinger, J. J.

doi:10.1007/s11104-005-1361-1

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Recently converted no-till soils typically have higher bulk density and slower infiltration rate than tilled soils (Lindstrom and Onstad 1984). Accordingly, ammonia losses reached 70% of applied TAN after cattle slurry (Thompson and Meisinger 2004) and 20% after pig slurry (Rochette et al 2001) were applied to no-till soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reducing ammonia volatilization in a no-till soil by incorporating urea and pig slurry in shallow bands

Rochette

Angers

Chantigny

et al. 2008

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

114

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Incorporation of broadcast pig slurry and urea into soil is incompatible with no-till production systems and alternative application methods that reduce NH 3 -N loss are required. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of incorporating urea and pig slurry in shallow furrows (banding) on NH 3 volatilization. A field study was conducted on a silty loam soil that had been under no-till for 2 years. Ammonia volatilization was measured for 29 days after urea and pig slurry (140 kg N ha -1 ) were broadcast or incorporated (5 cm) in bands. High urease activity and soil temperatures as well as an absence of rainfall combined to result in large losses of NH 3 -N from all treatments. Broadcast urea lost the greatest proportion of applied N (64%) followed by banded urea (31%), broadcast pig slurry (29%) and banded pig slurry (16%). High emissions from broadcast urea were consistent with previous reports of large volatilization losses on no-till soils. Presence of crop residues and associated high urease activity (288 lg NH 4 -N g -1 h -1 ) at the surface of no-till soils were likely important factors contributing to these high emissions. Incorporation of slurry and urea in bands was not as efficient in reducing volatilization as expected but not for the same reason. Relatively high emissions from banded slurry were the result of an incomplete incorporation of slurry in the shallow bands and indicate that the benefit of this practice is limited at high slurry application rates. In banded urea plots, hydrolysis of concentrated urea likely resulted in high localized NH 4 ? concentrations and pH, which increased NH 3 source strength and emissions. Our results therefore suggest that incorporating urea in bands may not be as efficient for reducing NH 3 emissions as incorporation of broadcasted urea which results in lower soil urea concentrations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reducing ammonia volatilization in a no-till soil by incorporating urea and pig slurry in shallow bands

Rochette

Angers

Chantigny

et al. 2008

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

114

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“…522 C. Spirig et al: The annual ammonia budget of fertilised cut grassland Ammonia exchange over agricultural fields has been investigated in numerous studies (Sutton et al, 1993a, b;Herrmann et al, 2001;Spindler et al, 2001; Thompson and Meisinger, 2004;Walker et al, 2006) using micrometeorological techniques especially the aerodynamic gradient method (AGM) and more recently relaxed eddy accumulation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The annual ammonia budget of fertilised cut grassland – Part 1: Micrometeorological flux measurements and emissions after slurry application

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Two commercial ammonia (NH 3 ) analysers were customised to allow continuous measurements of vertical concentration gradients. The gradients were used to derive ammonia exchange fluxes above a managed grassland site at Oensingen (Switzerland) by application of the aerodynamic gradient method. The measurements from July 2006 to October 2007 covered five complete growth-cut cycles and included six applications of liquid cattle slurry. The average accuracy of the flux measurements during unstable and near-neutral conditions was 20% and the detection limit was 10 ngNH 3 m −2 s −1 . Hence the flux measurements are considered sufficiently accurate for studying typical NH 3 deposition rates over growing vegetation. Quantifying the overall emissions after slurry applications required the application of elaborate interpolations because of difficulties capturing the initial emissions during broadspreading of liquid manure. The emissions were also calculated with a mass balance method yielding similar fluxes. NH 3 losses after slurry application expressed as percentage of emitted nitrogen versus applied total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) varied between 4 and 19%, which is roughly a factor of three lower than the values for broadspreading of liquid manure in emission inventories. The comparatively low emission factors appear to be a consequence of the low dry matter content of the applied slurry and soil properties favouring ammonium adsorption.

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“…Unlike background exchange, which exhibits rather regular diurnal and seasonal patterns controlled by meteorology and grassland growth and phenology, peak emissions from fertiliser application are characterized by strong asymmetrical dynamics over a few days with successive pulses of decreasing strength. The emission flux and NH 3 surface concentration thus decrease rapidly, broadly following an exponential decay curve (Spirig et al, 2010;Génermont et al, 1998;Thompson and Meisinger, 2004) back to values close to those observed prior to fertilisation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

The annual ammonia budget of fertilised cut grassland – Part 2: Seasonal variations and compensation point modeling

et al. 2010

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Abstract. The net annual NH 3 exchange budget of a fertilised, cut grassland in Central Switzerland is presented. The observation-based budget was computed from semicontinuous micrometeorological fluxes over a time period of 16 months and using a process-based gap-filling procedure. The data for emission peak events following the application of cattle slurry and for background exchange were analysed separately to distinguish short-term perturbations from longer-term ecosystem functioning. A canopy compensation point model of background exchange is parameterised on the basis of measured data and applied for the purposes of gap-filling. The data show that, outside fertilisation events, grassland behaves as a net sink for atmospheric NH 3 with an annual dry deposition flux of −3.0 kg N ha −1 yr −1 , although small NH 3 emissions by the canopy were measured in dry daytime conditions. The median s ratio in the apoplast (=[NH + 4 ]/[H + ]) estimated from micrometeorological measurements was 620, equivalent to a stomatal compensation point of 1.3 µg NH 3 m −3 at 15 • C. Non-stomatal resistance to deposition R w was shown to increase with temperature and decrease with surface relative humidity, and R w values were among the highest published for European grasslands, consistent with a relatively high ratio of NH 3 to acid gases in the boundary layer at this site. Since the gross annual NH 3 emission by slurry spreading was of the order of +20 kg N ha −1 yr −1 , the fertilised grassland was a net NH 3 source of +17 kg N ha −1 yr −1 . A comparison with the few other measurement-based budget values from the literature reveals considerable variability, demonstrating both the influence of soil, climate, management and grassland type on the NH 3 budget and the difficulty of scaling up to the national level.

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Gaseous nitrogen losses and ammonia volatilization measurement following land application of cattle slurry in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA

Cited by 31 publications

References 40 publications

Reducing ammonia volatilization in a no-till soil by incorporating urea and pig slurry in shallow bands

Reducing ammonia volatilization in a no-till soil by incorporating urea and pig slurry in shallow bands

The annual ammonia budget of fertilised cut grassland – Part 1: Micrometeorological flux measurements and emissions after slurry application

The annual ammonia budget of fertilised cut grassland – Part 2: Seasonal variations and compensation point modeling

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